Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-05 @ 11:51 AM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 9:15 AM
Study NCT ID:
NCT00154934
Status:
TERMINATED
Last Update Posted:
2009-02-03
First Post:
2005-09-09
Brief Title:
the Implications of Pathogenesis of Pre-Eclampsia
Sponsor:
National Taiwan University Hospital
Organization:
National Taiwan University Hospital
Study Overview
Official Title:
The Impact of Interleukin-10 in the Invasion Capacity and Immunoregulation During Pregnancy the Implications of Pathogenesis of Pre-Eclampsia
Status:
TERMINATED
Status Verified Date:
2009-01
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
difficult to enroll subjects
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
Preeclampsia is a severe complication of human pregnancy It occurs in 4-5 of all pregnancies and remains a leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity The pathophysiology of this syndrome is not fully understood Two theories are proposed to explain the development of preeclampsia defective trophoblast invasion in the first trimester and poor maternal immunoregulation against the fetus Pro-inflammatory cytokines are induced in the second mechanism with a subsequent generalized endothelial dysfunction in the mother Interleukin-10 IL-10 plays a major role in this pathway
According to recent literature debates still exist on the role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia IL-10 may increase immunoregulation seemingly against the development of preeclampsia but also prohibit the extravillous trophoblast invasion on the other hand seemingly towards the development of preeclampsia According to recent authoritative journals the expression of IL-10 pre-eclamptic placenta is increased but some other influential journals have the totally contrary results We believe this diverse exhibition may be due to overlook the paracrine effect of decidual cells representative of maternal environment and in vitro cultured condition does not parallel to physiological condition
Our experiment has first obtained the qualification of Ethical Committee of our hospital and the permission of the examined patients We first collect the serum sample of preeclampsia patient and analyze the IL-10 level by ELISA kit and compared with normal control Then we isolate trophoblast from pre-eclamptic women and normal control These trophoblasts are further treated with 1 co-cultured with decidual cell line 2 Lipofectamine transfection with IL-10 overexpression of IL-10 3 signal interference ribonucleotide siRNA of IL-10 knockdown IL-10 function Each groups including trophoblast alone from patients or normal control were subjected to the analysis of IL-10 mRNA amount by RT-PCR Further experiments for these treated trophoblast are transwell migration assay and invasion assay matrix metalloproteinase assay to determine the change of invasive capacity and Fas ligand expression to determine the change of immunoregulation
Our effort is not only to determine the role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia but also the development of siRNA IL-10 may give a light in the treatment of preeclampsia
According to recent literature debates still exist on the role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia IL-10 may increase immunoregulation seemingly against the development of preeclampsia but also prohibit the extravillous trophoblast invasion on the other hand seemingly towards the development of preeclampsia According to recent authoritative journals the expression of IL-10 pre-eclamptic placenta is increased but some other influential journals have the totally contrary results We believe this diverse exhibition may be due to overlook the paracrine effect of decidual cells representative of maternal environment and in vitro cultured condition does not parallel to physiological condition
Our experiment has first obtained the qualification of Ethical Committee of our hospital and the permission of the examined patients We first collect the serum sample of preeclampsia patient and analyze the IL-10 level by ELISA kit and compared with normal control Then we isolate trophoblast from pre-eclamptic women and normal control These trophoblasts are further treated with 1 co-cultured with decidual cell line 2 Lipofectamine transfection with IL-10 overexpression of IL-10 3 signal interference ribonucleotide siRNA of IL-10 knockdown IL-10 function Each groups including trophoblast alone from patients or normal control were subjected to the analysis of IL-10 mRNA amount by RT-PCR Further experiments for these treated trophoblast are transwell migration assay and invasion assay matrix metalloproteinase assay to determine the change of invasive capacity and Fas ligand expression to determine the change of immunoregulation
Our effort is not only to determine the role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia but also the development of siRNA IL-10 may give a light in the treatment of preeclampsia
Detailed Description:
1 Pregnancy pre-eclampsia and immune regulation The preeclampsia syndrome which is characterized by changes in the placenta and uteroplacental vasculature is a major concern in impaired human pregnancy Hypertension proteinuria and exaggerated edema are typical clinical symptoms1 Although the etiology of the disease is uncertain it is well established that a defect in placental trophoblast invasion during implantation contributes to inadequate remodeling of uterine spiral arteries thereby initiating focal regions of reduced perfusion within the placenta2 It has been suggested that a consequence of placental ischemia is the generation of cytotoxic factors that may act systemically to activate or injure the endothelium3 The identity of the factors elaborated by the placenta which presumably compromise endothelial function during preeclampsia is unknown Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α TNF-α and interleukin-1β IL-1β are known to be potent activators of the vascular endothelium and have been proposed as mediators of endothelial dysfunction during preeclampsia4
It is well known that the acceptance of the fetoplacental unit in human pregnancy requires maternal immune tolerance which is thought to be regulated locally by the placenta Therefore an anti-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin-10 plays a critical role in different pregnancy disorders including preeclampsia5
Placental interleukins have been identified in reproductive tissues but their roles in adaptive maternal immunity and determining term pregnancy outcomes have not been fully clarified The acceptance of the fetoplacental unit by the maternal uterine surface requires an element of immunological tolerance Local antiplacental immunity is modified by synthesis of uncommon histocompatibility Ags growth factors and cytokines by the placenta The presence of immune cells in the decidual tissue of the uterus also presents a potential barrier both physical and immunological to the development of the placenta6 Some characteristics of the fetoplacental unit encourage endometrial and myometrial invasion7 and others modify the immunological barrier eg HLA-G8 These characteristics of placental function may be abnormal at the formative stages of placental development and thus the presumptive uterine barriers may be abnormal in preeclampsia a complication of human pregnancy related to shallow placental development9
2 Interleukin-10 Interleukin-10 was originally identified as the product of Th2-type T lymphocytes that inhibits the synthesis of Th-1 type cytokines such as Interferon-gamma and IL-210 IL-10 is known to be secreted by Th2-helper T cells CD4HT2 cells and some B cell lymphoma and mast cell lines The protein undergoes post-translational modification that includes N-glycosylation and the formation of critical cysteine bonds IL-10 inhibits cytokine synthesis in both T cells and NK cells by controlling macrophage-monocyte accessory cells IL-10 elicits responses in granulocytes eosinophils mast cells B cells T cells and NK cells11 IL-10 is crucial in limiting inflammatory responses in some disease states The ability of IL-10 to inhibit macrophage activation should allow investigation into cross-talk between stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines IL-10 is important in understanding autoimmunity and as a target molecule in the development of anti-rejection therapies12 The Th-like responses of this cytokine make it a suitable adjuvant for immunization development10
Human and mouse IL-10 are 73 homologous at the amino acid level Human IL-10 is active in mouse cell lines but human cell lines are not responsive to mouse IL-10
3 Maintenance of pregnancy and interleukin-10 production Interleukin-10 IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine expressed throughout pregnancy by epithelial cells and leukocytes in the endometrium and placenta The anti-inflammatory and immune deviating properties of IL-10 are well characterized Principally these are mediated through inhibiting proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis in type 1 T helper Th1 cells programming specific phenotypes in macrophages and dendritic cells and stimulating natural killer NK cell activation
IL-10 has been shown in normal placental cells trophoblast cells to suppress the mixed lymphocyte responses in vitro13 Maternal bone marrow-derived cells in the uterine wall include NK-like cells and T cells14 that may be modified by placental IL-10 production Modification of the local maternal antifetal immune response has been shown to be important in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion15
IL-10 has been identified as an important cytokine in pregnancy IL-10 may be involved in the maintenance of pregnancy by corpus luteum maturation and progesterone production16 In a well-known mouse cross that is prone to spontaneous abortion a deficiency of IL-10 has been demonstrated to alter the net fetal number and outcome17 Longitudinal studies in mice demonstrate a sequential change in the cytokine profile including IL-10 in peripheral blood and release from spleen elements as pregnancy advances1819 IL-10 inhibition in the second half of pregnancy in mice causes fetal growth retardation20 Besides progesterone has been shown to increase Th2-type responses in T cells21 Taken together these data suggest that early pregnancy is associated with an increase in circulating Th2 cytokine IL-10 and that fetal and placental growth and development are depend on adequate IL-10 production Or in brief IL-10 may have a fetal protective effect
In human pregnancy there is a shift of cytokine production from Th1-type inflammatory cytokines to Th2 type cytokines with a predominance of IL-10 and IL-4 over IL-2 and TNF-α in stimulated PBMC This balance altered in preeclamptic mononuclear cells with the alternative result a relative decrease in IL-10 compared with the pro-inflammatory cytokine production22
4 Interleukin-10 on trophoblast motility and invasion capacity Interleukin-10 expressed in the decidua and placenta is implicated in regulating extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion through inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase expression and influencing the quality of the maternal immune response
Cytotrophoblast invasion in vitro requires the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 MMP-9 In a recent article the authors showed that cytotrophoblasts produce interleukin-10 IL-10 a potent immunomodulatory cytokine that could have paracrine effects on the maternal immune system IL-10 synthesis is dramatically downregulated after the first 12 h of culture while MMP-9 secretion is rapidly upregulated and the cells acquire an invasive phenotype13 These observations prompted the subsequent experiments to investigate whether IL-10 is an autocrine regulator of cytotrophoblast MMP-9 production Adding recombinant IL-10 to cytotrophoblast cultures significantly decreased the cells MMP-9 expression at both protein and mRNA levels but did not affect mRNA levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-323 Thus IL-10 may alter the proteinaseinhibitor balance IL-10 treatment further caused a net decrease in MMP activity thereby reducing cytotrophoblast invasiveness Together the current data suggest that IL-10 is an autocrine inhibitor of cytotrophoblast MMP-9 activity and invasiveness
5 Controversies of interleukin-10 and the development of preeclampsia Endothelial cell dysfunction has been hypothesized to be a major contributor in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia This hypertensive disease of pregnancy is characterized by changes in the placenta uteroplacental vasculature kidneys and liver consistent with endothelial damage Hypertension and vascular hypersensitivity to pressors neutrophil activation and platelet activation have also been demonstrated in preeclampsia and are consistent with endothelial dysfunction24 Inflammatory cytokines are known to be potent activators of the vascular endothelium and have been proposed as mediators of endothelial dysfunction during preeclampsia25 Both tumor necrosis factor α TNFα and interleukin 1 β IL-1β interleukin-10 IL-10 induce functional alterations in endothelial cells26 Although the association of these inflammatory cytokines with the development of pre-eclampsia PE is generally assumed the actual mechanism and modes of dysregulation are still in strong debate In two authoritative journal the authors described a dysregulation of cytokine expression occurs in the pre-eclamptic placenta with overexpression of IL-10 mRNA in placenta tissues and elevated plasma level Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999181915-20 Obstet Gynecol 2002100327-312728 In contrast another influential journal describes deficiency in plasma production of IL-10 and decreasing plasma level of IL-10 J Immunology 1999 163 3491-529 Authors also measured the IL-10 released by in vitro culture of CTB from PE patients The results also shows significantly alternation in IL-10 release by in vitro culture of PE CTB Cytokine 23 200323119-2530
We believed that studying the CTB itself is not enough to explain the pathogenesis of preeclampsia CTB itself and also the implantation environment are also expressed IL-10 and other inflammatory cytokines We suggest assess the in situ specimen including placenta tissues and placental bed biopsies may include both the influence of CTB and its implantation environment Besides if IL-10 does play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia altering the expression IL-10 level may restore the PE phenotype to normal behavior This is our purpose of observation in the following study
It is well known that the acceptance of the fetoplacental unit in human pregnancy requires maternal immune tolerance which is thought to be regulated locally by the placenta Therefore an anti-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin-10 plays a critical role in different pregnancy disorders including preeclampsia5
Placental interleukins have been identified in reproductive tissues but their roles in adaptive maternal immunity and determining term pregnancy outcomes have not been fully clarified The acceptance of the fetoplacental unit by the maternal uterine surface requires an element of immunological tolerance Local antiplacental immunity is modified by synthesis of uncommon histocompatibility Ags growth factors and cytokines by the placenta The presence of immune cells in the decidual tissue of the uterus also presents a potential barrier both physical and immunological to the development of the placenta6 Some characteristics of the fetoplacental unit encourage endometrial and myometrial invasion7 and others modify the immunological barrier eg HLA-G8 These characteristics of placental function may be abnormal at the formative stages of placental development and thus the presumptive uterine barriers may be abnormal in preeclampsia a complication of human pregnancy related to shallow placental development9
2 Interleukin-10 Interleukin-10 was originally identified as the product of Th2-type T lymphocytes that inhibits the synthesis of Th-1 type cytokines such as Interferon-gamma and IL-210 IL-10 is known to be secreted by Th2-helper T cells CD4HT2 cells and some B cell lymphoma and mast cell lines The protein undergoes post-translational modification that includes N-glycosylation and the formation of critical cysteine bonds IL-10 inhibits cytokine synthesis in both T cells and NK cells by controlling macrophage-monocyte accessory cells IL-10 elicits responses in granulocytes eosinophils mast cells B cells T cells and NK cells11 IL-10 is crucial in limiting inflammatory responses in some disease states The ability of IL-10 to inhibit macrophage activation should allow investigation into cross-talk between stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines IL-10 is important in understanding autoimmunity and as a target molecule in the development of anti-rejection therapies12 The Th-like responses of this cytokine make it a suitable adjuvant for immunization development10
Human and mouse IL-10 are 73 homologous at the amino acid level Human IL-10 is active in mouse cell lines but human cell lines are not responsive to mouse IL-10
3 Maintenance of pregnancy and interleukin-10 production Interleukin-10 IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine expressed throughout pregnancy by epithelial cells and leukocytes in the endometrium and placenta The anti-inflammatory and immune deviating properties of IL-10 are well characterized Principally these are mediated through inhibiting proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis in type 1 T helper Th1 cells programming specific phenotypes in macrophages and dendritic cells and stimulating natural killer NK cell activation
IL-10 has been shown in normal placental cells trophoblast cells to suppress the mixed lymphocyte responses in vitro13 Maternal bone marrow-derived cells in the uterine wall include NK-like cells and T cells14 that may be modified by placental IL-10 production Modification of the local maternal antifetal immune response has been shown to be important in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion15
IL-10 has been identified as an important cytokine in pregnancy IL-10 may be involved in the maintenance of pregnancy by corpus luteum maturation and progesterone production16 In a well-known mouse cross that is prone to spontaneous abortion a deficiency of IL-10 has been demonstrated to alter the net fetal number and outcome17 Longitudinal studies in mice demonstrate a sequential change in the cytokine profile including IL-10 in peripheral blood and release from spleen elements as pregnancy advances1819 IL-10 inhibition in the second half of pregnancy in mice causes fetal growth retardation20 Besides progesterone has been shown to increase Th2-type responses in T cells21 Taken together these data suggest that early pregnancy is associated with an increase in circulating Th2 cytokine IL-10 and that fetal and placental growth and development are depend on adequate IL-10 production Or in brief IL-10 may have a fetal protective effect
In human pregnancy there is a shift of cytokine production from Th1-type inflammatory cytokines to Th2 type cytokines with a predominance of IL-10 and IL-4 over IL-2 and TNF-α in stimulated PBMC This balance altered in preeclamptic mononuclear cells with the alternative result a relative decrease in IL-10 compared with the pro-inflammatory cytokine production22
4 Interleukin-10 on trophoblast motility and invasion capacity Interleukin-10 expressed in the decidua and placenta is implicated in regulating extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion through inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase expression and influencing the quality of the maternal immune response
Cytotrophoblast invasion in vitro requires the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 MMP-9 In a recent article the authors showed that cytotrophoblasts produce interleukin-10 IL-10 a potent immunomodulatory cytokine that could have paracrine effects on the maternal immune system IL-10 synthesis is dramatically downregulated after the first 12 h of culture while MMP-9 secretion is rapidly upregulated and the cells acquire an invasive phenotype13 These observations prompted the subsequent experiments to investigate whether IL-10 is an autocrine regulator of cytotrophoblast MMP-9 production Adding recombinant IL-10 to cytotrophoblast cultures significantly decreased the cells MMP-9 expression at both protein and mRNA levels but did not affect mRNA levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-323 Thus IL-10 may alter the proteinaseinhibitor balance IL-10 treatment further caused a net decrease in MMP activity thereby reducing cytotrophoblast invasiveness Together the current data suggest that IL-10 is an autocrine inhibitor of cytotrophoblast MMP-9 activity and invasiveness
5 Controversies of interleukin-10 and the development of preeclampsia Endothelial cell dysfunction has been hypothesized to be a major contributor in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia This hypertensive disease of pregnancy is characterized by changes in the placenta uteroplacental vasculature kidneys and liver consistent with endothelial damage Hypertension and vascular hypersensitivity to pressors neutrophil activation and platelet activation have also been demonstrated in preeclampsia and are consistent with endothelial dysfunction24 Inflammatory cytokines are known to be potent activators of the vascular endothelium and have been proposed as mediators of endothelial dysfunction during preeclampsia25 Both tumor necrosis factor α TNFα and interleukin 1 β IL-1β interleukin-10 IL-10 induce functional alterations in endothelial cells26 Although the association of these inflammatory cytokines with the development of pre-eclampsia PE is generally assumed the actual mechanism and modes of dysregulation are still in strong debate In two authoritative journal the authors described a dysregulation of cytokine expression occurs in the pre-eclamptic placenta with overexpression of IL-10 mRNA in placenta tissues and elevated plasma level Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999181915-20 Obstet Gynecol 2002100327-312728 In contrast another influential journal describes deficiency in plasma production of IL-10 and decreasing plasma level of IL-10 J Immunology 1999 163 3491-529 Authors also measured the IL-10 released by in vitro culture of CTB from PE patients The results also shows significantly alternation in IL-10 release by in vitro culture of PE CTB Cytokine 23 200323119-2530
We believed that studying the CTB itself is not enough to explain the pathogenesis of preeclampsia CTB itself and also the implantation environment are also expressed IL-10 and other inflammatory cytokines We suggest assess the in situ specimen including placenta tissues and placental bed biopsies may include both the influence of CTB and its implantation environment Besides if IL-10 does play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia altering the expression IL-10 level may restore the PE phenotype to normal behavior This is our purpose of observation in the following study
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
None
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None