Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 5:46 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 2:35 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT05429710
Status:
UNKNOWN
Last Update Posted:
2022-06-23
First Post:
2022-06-17
Brief Title:
SOX2 PDL1 Expression on Urinary Bladder Carcinoma
Sponsor:
Sohag University
Organization:
Sohag University
Study Overview
Official Title:
Immunohistochemical Expression of SOX2 and PD-L1 as Valuable Prognostic Markers in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma
Status:
UNKNOWN
Status Verified Date:
2022-06
Last Known Status:
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
Bladder carcinoma BC is the 13th leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide In Egypt BC is the third common malignant tumor Its incidence is 87 of all malignant tumors in both sexes with more predominance in males as reported by National Cancer Registry with more expected cases in the future
There are different histological variants of BC which show different phenotypic biological and prognostic impacts The most common histological type of BC is urothelial carcinoma which constitutes about 90 of all bladder cancers Squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma and other rare types represent the remaining 10
Carcinoma of the bladder is considered a heterogeneous stem cell tumor with increasing morbidity and death rates if it is not treated properly The presence of cancer stem cells CSCs is associated with tumor progression recurrence metastasis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and makes complete elimination of the tumor difficult Successes in treatment plans need more understanding of the CSCs population and their molecular biology
The most important items of CSCs regulatory core are transcription factors such as OCT4 SOX-2 and Nanog They play an important role in the regulatory network for maintaining the stemness state of stem cells
SOX2 short for Sex determing Region Y - box 2 a High Mobility Group HMG domain transcription factor is member of the SRY-related HMG-box SOX family of transcription factors involved in the pluripotency self-reappearance and differentiation of embryonic stem cell
Cancer immunotherapy starts with a proper understanding of tumor immuno-biology Study of the tumor microenvironment revealed the importance of immune checkpoints in facilitating tumor immunological escape leading to the development of multiple novel therapeutics targeting the PD-1PD-L1 programmed cell death protein 1 CD279 programmed death ligand 1 CD274 immune checkpoints And recently the expression levels of PD-L1 are closely associated with CSCs immune escape
PD-1 is a T-cell immune inhibitory checkpoint that inhibit T-cell activation and contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment PD-1 is also expressed on activated B cells and natural killer cells PD-1 is activated by binding to its ligand PD-L1 which is a type I trans-membrane glycoprotein Many cell types express PD-L1 including placenta vascular endothelium hepatocytes and mesenchymal stem cells also B cells T cells dendritic cells macrophages and mast cells
PD-L1 is considered to be a co-inhibitory factor of the immune response it can combine with PD-1 to reduce the proliferation of PD-1 positive cells inhibit their cytokine secretion and induce apoptosis PD-L1 also plays an important prognostic and predictive value in various malignancies where it can attenuate the host immune response to tumor cells
However little is known about the role of PD-L1 and its relation to SOX2 in urinary bladder carcinoma including its different histopathological variants In this study the main objective is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 to CSCs marker SOX2 in urinary bladder carcinoma as a prognostic factor and search for new prospective targeted cancer therapy
There are different histological variants of BC which show different phenotypic biological and prognostic impacts The most common histological type of BC is urothelial carcinoma which constitutes about 90 of all bladder cancers Squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma and other rare types represent the remaining 10
Carcinoma of the bladder is considered a heterogeneous stem cell tumor with increasing morbidity and death rates if it is not treated properly The presence of cancer stem cells CSCs is associated with tumor progression recurrence metastasis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and makes complete elimination of the tumor difficult Successes in treatment plans need more understanding of the CSCs population and their molecular biology
The most important items of CSCs regulatory core are transcription factors such as OCT4 SOX-2 and Nanog They play an important role in the regulatory network for maintaining the stemness state of stem cells
SOX2 short for Sex determing Region Y - box 2 a High Mobility Group HMG domain transcription factor is member of the SRY-related HMG-box SOX family of transcription factors involved in the pluripotency self-reappearance and differentiation of embryonic stem cell
Cancer immunotherapy starts with a proper understanding of tumor immuno-biology Study of the tumor microenvironment revealed the importance of immune checkpoints in facilitating tumor immunological escape leading to the development of multiple novel therapeutics targeting the PD-1PD-L1 programmed cell death protein 1 CD279 programmed death ligand 1 CD274 immune checkpoints And recently the expression levels of PD-L1 are closely associated with CSCs immune escape
PD-1 is a T-cell immune inhibitory checkpoint that inhibit T-cell activation and contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment PD-1 is also expressed on activated B cells and natural killer cells PD-1 is activated by binding to its ligand PD-L1 which is a type I trans-membrane glycoprotein Many cell types express PD-L1 including placenta vascular endothelium hepatocytes and mesenchymal stem cells also B cells T cells dendritic cells macrophages and mast cells
PD-L1 is considered to be a co-inhibitory factor of the immune response it can combine with PD-1 to reduce the proliferation of PD-1 positive cells inhibit their cytokine secretion and induce apoptosis PD-L1 also plays an important prognostic and predictive value in various malignancies where it can attenuate the host immune response to tumor cells
However little is known about the role of PD-L1 and its relation to SOX2 in urinary bladder carcinoma including its different histopathological variants In this study the main objective is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 to CSCs marker SOX2 in urinary bladder carcinoma as a prognostic factor and search for new prospective targeted cancer therapy
Detailed Description:
None
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None