Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-11 @ 8:30 AM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 3:29 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT06406907
Status:
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Last Update Posted:
2024-06-07
First Post:
2024-05-06
Brief Title:
Effects of Short Duration Blood Flow Restriction Training on Musculoskeletal and Performance Outcomes
Sponsor:
Riphah International University
Organization:
Riphah International University
Study Overview
Official Title:
Effects of Short Duration Blood Flow Restriction Training on Musculoskeletal and Performance Outcomes
Status:
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Status Verified Date:
2024-06
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
Effects of short duration blood flow restriction training on musculoskeletal and performance outcomes
Detailed Description:
Often after 40 years of age due to decrease in physical activity muscle strength and performance starts gradually declining However regular resistance training can decelerate age related decline in musculoskeletal system and it is considered a major contributing factor in optimizing health and longevity The beneficial effects of resistance training include decreased resting blood pressure improved lipid profiles improved glucose metabolism improved bone mineral density decreased lower back pain enhanced flexibility increased resting metabolic rate improved maximal aerobic capacity and alleviated symptoms of arthritis
According to American College of Sports Medicine at least loads 70 of an individuals one-repetition maximum 1RM are required to maintain muscle mass and strength Exercises done with heavy loads of more than 70 of individual 1RM are sometimes referred to traditional resistance training or high-load resistance training HLRT However it is worth mentioning that HLRT may not be suitable for specific populations due to the excessive mechanical stress during exercises on joints and ligaments which may lead to injury These populations may include novices individuals recovering from an injury or suffering from chronic diseases those with disabled limbs as well as the elderly who cannot endure the continual high mechanical stress caused by heavy resistance training
Alternative training methods to HLRT exists that do not put excessive mechanical loads on the musculoskeletal system yet can lead to increased muscle mass and strength One such training method is called blood flow restriction training BFRT
In recent years low load resistance training 40 1RM combined with blood flow restriction BFR has gained much attention as a feasible alternative to HLRT for maintaining or improving muscle mass and strength
BFR is usually accomplished by inflating a pneumatic cuff or specially designed elastic bands around the most proximal region of the upper andor lower limbs Training loads are usually between 20-40 1-RM 75 repetitions per exercise 15- 30 repetitions per set or sets to failure During BFRT pressure is applied in such a way that only venous return is blocked while maintaining arterial inflow to the muscles It causes hypoxia within the muscles When exercise is performed with BFR there is an increase in intramuscular pressure beneath the cuff which further disturbs the blood flow
Although the use of BFRT seems very enticing and a viable alternative to HLRT but the mechanisms underpinning the hypertrophic adaptations are yet to be fully determined Over the years numerous theories have been put forth but general consensus of scientific community is that during BFRT metabolic stress from vascular occlusion and mechanical tension from resistance training may lead to synergistic increases in muscle hypertrophy and strength At a cellular level metabolites accumulation like lactate and reactive oxygen species hormonal differences cell-to-cell signaling cellular swelling and intracellular signaling pathways have all been proposed
Metabolites which accumulate during exercise that are known mediators of muscular hypertrophy are amplified by BFRs relative ischemic and hypoxic conditions They are believed to induce earlier peripherally mediated fatigue resulting in greater motor unit recruitment as suggested by the fact that BFRT has similar recruitment to that of HLRT In addition type II fast-twitch muscle fibers are activated during BFRT
The benefits of BFRT may also be partially explained by the proliferation and activation of satellite cells multipotent cells within muscle connective tissue responsible for muscle growth and regeneration due to increased production of reactive oxygen species such as nitric oxide results from fluctuations in oxygen availability
BFRT can be performed in either low frequency or high frequency For low frequency it is recommended to perform BFRT 2-3 times per week and the intervention lasts longer than three weeks For high frequency it is recommended to perform BFRT less than 3 weeks 1-2 times per day High-frequency BFRT can be potentially useful for clinicians since the technique can provide positive physiological adaptations in short terms
There are numerous studies conducted on short duration high frequency 3 weeks intervention BFRT The duration of the intervention ranges between 1-3 weeks and frequency of training sessions ranges from 6-16 sessions per week to 24 sessions in 3 weeks Short duration BFRT studies have positive effects on muscle strength muscle size performance hormonal levels inflammatory marks and satellite cells However there are still research gaps that needs to be addressed
Difference between the effects of varied frequency short duration BFRT protocols ie high frequency vs low frequency on musculoskeletal and performance outcomes is still unclear Furthermore limited studies have been conducted on the effect of BFRT on muscles proximal to the BFR site Often the studies have focused on chest and shoulder muscles but have reported conflicting results One study assessed the effects of lower limb BFRT on trunk muscles gluteus maximus iliopsoas and lumber L4-5 however it reported that BFR walk training does increase muscle mass in the trunk muscles
To the best of our knowledge no study has assessed the effects of lower limb BFRT on abdominal muscles Furthermore research has shown that instability training can enhance abdominal muscles activation However effects of addition of instability during BFRT on musculoskeletal and performance outcomes are not known Therefore this study is designed to address some of the current research gaps that exists in BFRT protocols This study will compare the effects of short duration BFRT protocols high frequency vs low frequency on musculoskeletal and performance outcomes Furthermore this study will try to understand the effects of addition of instability during BFRT on abdominal muscles
According to American College of Sports Medicine at least loads 70 of an individuals one-repetition maximum 1RM are required to maintain muscle mass and strength Exercises done with heavy loads of more than 70 of individual 1RM are sometimes referred to traditional resistance training or high-load resistance training HLRT However it is worth mentioning that HLRT may not be suitable for specific populations due to the excessive mechanical stress during exercises on joints and ligaments which may lead to injury These populations may include novices individuals recovering from an injury or suffering from chronic diseases those with disabled limbs as well as the elderly who cannot endure the continual high mechanical stress caused by heavy resistance training
Alternative training methods to HLRT exists that do not put excessive mechanical loads on the musculoskeletal system yet can lead to increased muscle mass and strength One such training method is called blood flow restriction training BFRT
In recent years low load resistance training 40 1RM combined with blood flow restriction BFR has gained much attention as a feasible alternative to HLRT for maintaining or improving muscle mass and strength
BFR is usually accomplished by inflating a pneumatic cuff or specially designed elastic bands around the most proximal region of the upper andor lower limbs Training loads are usually between 20-40 1-RM 75 repetitions per exercise 15- 30 repetitions per set or sets to failure During BFRT pressure is applied in such a way that only venous return is blocked while maintaining arterial inflow to the muscles It causes hypoxia within the muscles When exercise is performed with BFR there is an increase in intramuscular pressure beneath the cuff which further disturbs the blood flow
Although the use of BFRT seems very enticing and a viable alternative to HLRT but the mechanisms underpinning the hypertrophic adaptations are yet to be fully determined Over the years numerous theories have been put forth but general consensus of scientific community is that during BFRT metabolic stress from vascular occlusion and mechanical tension from resistance training may lead to synergistic increases in muscle hypertrophy and strength At a cellular level metabolites accumulation like lactate and reactive oxygen species hormonal differences cell-to-cell signaling cellular swelling and intracellular signaling pathways have all been proposed
Metabolites which accumulate during exercise that are known mediators of muscular hypertrophy are amplified by BFRs relative ischemic and hypoxic conditions They are believed to induce earlier peripherally mediated fatigue resulting in greater motor unit recruitment as suggested by the fact that BFRT has similar recruitment to that of HLRT In addition type II fast-twitch muscle fibers are activated during BFRT
The benefits of BFRT may also be partially explained by the proliferation and activation of satellite cells multipotent cells within muscle connective tissue responsible for muscle growth and regeneration due to increased production of reactive oxygen species such as nitric oxide results from fluctuations in oxygen availability
BFRT can be performed in either low frequency or high frequency For low frequency it is recommended to perform BFRT 2-3 times per week and the intervention lasts longer than three weeks For high frequency it is recommended to perform BFRT less than 3 weeks 1-2 times per day High-frequency BFRT can be potentially useful for clinicians since the technique can provide positive physiological adaptations in short terms
There are numerous studies conducted on short duration high frequency 3 weeks intervention BFRT The duration of the intervention ranges between 1-3 weeks and frequency of training sessions ranges from 6-16 sessions per week to 24 sessions in 3 weeks Short duration BFRT studies have positive effects on muscle strength muscle size performance hormonal levels inflammatory marks and satellite cells However there are still research gaps that needs to be addressed
Difference between the effects of varied frequency short duration BFRT protocols ie high frequency vs low frequency on musculoskeletal and performance outcomes is still unclear Furthermore limited studies have been conducted on the effect of BFRT on muscles proximal to the BFR site Often the studies have focused on chest and shoulder muscles but have reported conflicting results One study assessed the effects of lower limb BFRT on trunk muscles gluteus maximus iliopsoas and lumber L4-5 however it reported that BFR walk training does increase muscle mass in the trunk muscles
To the best of our knowledge no study has assessed the effects of lower limb BFRT on abdominal muscles Furthermore research has shown that instability training can enhance abdominal muscles activation However effects of addition of instability during BFRT on musculoskeletal and performance outcomes are not known Therefore this study is designed to address some of the current research gaps that exists in BFRT protocols This study will compare the effects of short duration BFRT protocols high frequency vs low frequency on musculoskeletal and performance outcomes Furthermore this study will try to understand the effects of addition of instability during BFRT on abdominal muscles
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None