Ignite Creation Date:
2024-06-16 @ 11:49 AM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 3:31 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT06439121
Status:
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Last Update Posted:
2024-06-03
First Post:
2024-05-13
Brief Title:
The 4-7-8 Breathing Technique on Pain and Nausea-Vomiting
Sponsor:
Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
Organization:
Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
Study Overview
Official Title:
Effect of the 4-7-8 Breathing Technique on Pain and Nausea-Vomiting in Patients After Bariatric Surgery
Status:
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Status Verified Date:
2024-05
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
Pain
Brief Summary:
This study is planned as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of the 4-7-8 breathing technique applied to patients after bariatric surgery on pain and nausea and vomiting The research will be conducted on 60 patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 052024-122024
Randomization will be ensured for students who meet the inclusion criteria and they will be divided into two random groups the experimental group n30 and the control group n30 After obtaining consent with the Informed Consent Form patients who agree to participate in the study will have the Patient Introduction Form filled out by researchers and they will be provided with training on the 4-7-8 breathing technique Patients will be instructed to practice the 4-7-8 breathing technique once per hour 4 breaths post-surgery Pain and nausea-vomiting will be monitored at 0 2 6 12 and 24 hours during their 24-hour hospital stay The control group after consenting with the Informed Consent Form the day before surgery will have the Patient Introduction Form filled out by researchers and their pain and nausea-vomiting status will be monitored at the same intervals during their hospital stay No interventions will be made for the control group they will receive routine nursing care during their hospital stay
Randomization will be ensured for students who meet the inclusion criteria and they will be divided into two random groups the experimental group n30 and the control group n30 After obtaining consent with the Informed Consent Form patients who agree to participate in the study will have the Patient Introduction Form filled out by researchers and they will be provided with training on the 4-7-8 breathing technique Patients will be instructed to practice the 4-7-8 breathing technique once per hour 4 breaths post-surgery Pain and nausea-vomiting will be monitored at 0 2 6 12 and 24 hours during their 24-hour hospital stay The control group after consenting with the Informed Consent Form the day before surgery will have the Patient Introduction Form filled out by researchers and their pain and nausea-vomiting status will be monitored at the same intervals during their hospital stay No interventions will be made for the control group they will receive routine nursing care during their hospital stay
Detailed Description:
Obesity is a significant health issue globally ranking second among preventable causes of death Güven Akyolcu 2020 According to the World Health Organization WHO data for 2022 more than 25 billion adults are overweight and 890 million are obese It is known that 43 of adults 43 of men and 44 of women are overweight WHO 2022 The severity of the situation in Turkey is highlighted in the World Health Organization report where Turkey ranks first in Europe with a 32 obesity rate WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022
Obesity increases the risk of life-threatening diseases and chronic conditions WHO 2006 In 2019 an estimated 5 million deaths occurred due to diseases caused by obesity such as cardiovascular diseases diabetes cancers neurological disorders chronic respiratory diseases and digestive disorders Collaborators G B D Ärnlöv 2020
Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective and permanent method for weight loss in obesity treatment Güngör 2012 The role of nurses is crucial in preventing complications after bariatric surgery cardiopulmonary complications venous thromboembolism anastomotic leakage electrolyte imbalance and providing appropriate care when complications occur Additionally nurses play a key role in other important aspects of care after bariatric surgery such as pain management wound care drain monitoring early mobilization fluid monitoring nutrition nausea-vomiting monitoring continuous education and psychosocial support Yılmaz Güven Arık Çelik 2021
Pain caused by tissue damage in bariatric surgery patients considered the fifth vital sign should be carefully evaluated and recorded Berk Özcan 2021 In a study by Steyer et al it was found that nurses most commonly diagnosed pain in patients undergoing bariatric surgery Steyer et al 2016 Surgical pain that interferes with patients physical movement and daily life activities can prolong the recovery process and lead to complications Therefore it is important to regularly assess pain levels with pain scales within the first 24 hours after surgery and manage pain accordingly Usta 2014 Schulman and Thompson 2017 Postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients due to surgical intervention and anesthesia continue to be a common problem Grindel and Grindel 2006 Varner KL March AL 2020 Horizontal resection of the stomach pressure applied by stapling and suturing lines to the stomach tissue and the pressure applied to the abdomen by insufflation with CO2 during laparoscopic procedures in bariatric surgery increase the risk of postoperative nausea-vomiting Aftab et al 2019 Kushner et al 2020 Post-bariatric surgery especially within the first 24 hours nausea and vomiting can be observed in 65 of patients Ruhaiyem et al 2016 The importance of performing correct and regular breathing exercises to minimize these problems is significant Upon reviewing the literature it is observed that there are a limited number of studies using the 4-7-8 Breathing Technique after bariatric surgery Kurt Aktaş Eskici İlgin 2023 Eskici İlgin Yayla 2023 In one study it was observed that the 4-7-8 Breathing Technique reduced the anxiety levels of patients after bariatric surgery Kurt Aktaş Eskici İlgin 2023 In another study it was determined that the 4-7-8 breathing exercise reduced post-laparoscopic bariatric surgery pain and improved sleep quality Eskici İlgin Yayla 2023
Materials and Methods Study Design This research will be conducted using an experimental research model to determine the effect of the 4-7-8 breathing technique on pain and nausea-vomiting in patients after bariatric surgery
Population and Sample of the Study The population of the study will consist of patients who will undergo bariatric surgery admitted to the General Surgery Clinic of TC Ministry of Health Etlik City Hospital There are 11 nurses working in the General Surgery Clinic where the research will be conducted and it has a capacity of 22 beds
The sample of the study will consist of patients who underwent bariatric surgery between May 2024 and October 2024 and meet the criteria for participation in the study
The sample size was calculated using the G-power 31 program before the study and based on the data of Doğan and Arslan 2022 with 80 power 005 error and 030 effect size the sample size was determined as 46 patients Considering the possibility of missing data the sample will be increased by 30 and thus 60 patients will be included in the study
Patients who meet the research criteria will be assigned to the experimental and control groups in a 11 ratio by block randomization using a computer program-generated httpswwwrandomorg sequence
Inclusion criteria for the study Being 18 years of age and older and under 65 years of age Undergoing laparoscopic general surgery under general anesthesia such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Being ASA Score I or II Being willing to participate in the study Exclusion criteria for the study Not undergoing laparoscopic surgical intervention Having neurological or psychological problems Transferred to the intensive care unit after surgery Emergency and unplanned cases Patients diagnosed with cancer will be excluded from the study
Data Collection Tools The patient identification form will be used to collect research data This form consists of 3 sections The first section will include sociodemographic characteristics consisting of 6 questions including gender age BMI education level smoking status and family history of obesity
The second section will include medical characteristics consisting of 7 questions including the presence of chronic disease ASA score duration of stay under general anesthesia type of surgery performed history of surgical complications and length of hospital stay
The third section will include 3 questions to evaluate pain and nausea-vomiting Visual analog scale will be used to evaluate pain and nausea The scale consists of a horizontal line 10 cm in length and the distance between the far left end of the scale and the point marked by the patient determines the score The score range from this scale is between 0-10 and higher scores indicate increased severity of the symptoms being evaluated This scale can be used to evaluate various symptoms such as pain anxiety fatigue nausea vomiting Vomiting will be evaluated as present or absent
Ethics of the Study Permission obtained from the Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ethics Committee and the management of Etlik City Hospital where the study will be conducted Patients will be informed about the research and their consent will be obtained
Data Evaluation IBM SPSS Statistics 230 software will be used for statistical analysis and calculations Frequency distribution number percentage will be provided for categorical variables and descriptive statistics mean standard deviation will be provided for numerical variables during data evaluation The normal distribution status of the data will be evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test In cases where the data does not follow a normal distribution the Mann Whitney-U test and Spearman correlation analysis will be used to determine differences between the two groups A significance level of p005 will be accepted
Data Collection For the experimental group after obtaining permission with the Informed Consent Form the day before surgery patients who agree to participate in the research will be provided with a Patient Introduction Form and will be given training on the 4-7-8 breathing technique Patients will be instructed to apply the 4-7-8 breathing technique as 1 set 4 breaths per hour after surgery Pain and nausea-vomiting status will be monitored at 0 2 6 12 and 24 hours during the 24-hour period of hospitalization
Holding the breath for a period helps renew the bodys oxygen The 4-7-8 breathing technique provides the oxygen support needed by organs and tissues and helps to expel CO2 In the 4-7-8 breathing technique a breath is taken for 4 seconds held for 7 seconds and exhaled in 8 seconds How to use the 4-7-8 breathing technique to reduce stress httpswwwmedicalnewstodaycomarticles324417 March 22 2024
For the control group after obtaining permission with the Informed Consent Form the day before surgery patients who agree to participate in the research will be provided with a Patient Introduction Form Pain and nausea-vomiting status will be monitored at 0 2 6 12 and 24 hours during the 24-hour period of hospitalization No intervention will be made for patients in the control group and they will receive routine nursing care provided at the hospital
Obesity increases the risk of life-threatening diseases and chronic conditions WHO 2006 In 2019 an estimated 5 million deaths occurred due to diseases caused by obesity such as cardiovascular diseases diabetes cancers neurological disorders chronic respiratory diseases and digestive disorders Collaborators G B D Ärnlöv 2020
Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective and permanent method for weight loss in obesity treatment Güngör 2012 The role of nurses is crucial in preventing complications after bariatric surgery cardiopulmonary complications venous thromboembolism anastomotic leakage electrolyte imbalance and providing appropriate care when complications occur Additionally nurses play a key role in other important aspects of care after bariatric surgery such as pain management wound care drain monitoring early mobilization fluid monitoring nutrition nausea-vomiting monitoring continuous education and psychosocial support Yılmaz Güven Arık Çelik 2021
Pain caused by tissue damage in bariatric surgery patients considered the fifth vital sign should be carefully evaluated and recorded Berk Özcan 2021 In a study by Steyer et al it was found that nurses most commonly diagnosed pain in patients undergoing bariatric surgery Steyer et al 2016 Surgical pain that interferes with patients physical movement and daily life activities can prolong the recovery process and lead to complications Therefore it is important to regularly assess pain levels with pain scales within the first 24 hours after surgery and manage pain accordingly Usta 2014 Schulman and Thompson 2017 Postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients due to surgical intervention and anesthesia continue to be a common problem Grindel and Grindel 2006 Varner KL March AL 2020 Horizontal resection of the stomach pressure applied by stapling and suturing lines to the stomach tissue and the pressure applied to the abdomen by insufflation with CO2 during laparoscopic procedures in bariatric surgery increase the risk of postoperative nausea-vomiting Aftab et al 2019 Kushner et al 2020 Post-bariatric surgery especially within the first 24 hours nausea and vomiting can be observed in 65 of patients Ruhaiyem et al 2016 The importance of performing correct and regular breathing exercises to minimize these problems is significant Upon reviewing the literature it is observed that there are a limited number of studies using the 4-7-8 Breathing Technique after bariatric surgery Kurt Aktaş Eskici İlgin 2023 Eskici İlgin Yayla 2023 In one study it was observed that the 4-7-8 Breathing Technique reduced the anxiety levels of patients after bariatric surgery Kurt Aktaş Eskici İlgin 2023 In another study it was determined that the 4-7-8 breathing exercise reduced post-laparoscopic bariatric surgery pain and improved sleep quality Eskici İlgin Yayla 2023
Materials and Methods Study Design This research will be conducted using an experimental research model to determine the effect of the 4-7-8 breathing technique on pain and nausea-vomiting in patients after bariatric surgery
Population and Sample of the Study The population of the study will consist of patients who will undergo bariatric surgery admitted to the General Surgery Clinic of TC Ministry of Health Etlik City Hospital There are 11 nurses working in the General Surgery Clinic where the research will be conducted and it has a capacity of 22 beds
The sample of the study will consist of patients who underwent bariatric surgery between May 2024 and October 2024 and meet the criteria for participation in the study
The sample size was calculated using the G-power 31 program before the study and based on the data of Doğan and Arslan 2022 with 80 power 005 error and 030 effect size the sample size was determined as 46 patients Considering the possibility of missing data the sample will be increased by 30 and thus 60 patients will be included in the study
Patients who meet the research criteria will be assigned to the experimental and control groups in a 11 ratio by block randomization using a computer program-generated httpswwwrandomorg sequence
Inclusion criteria for the study Being 18 years of age and older and under 65 years of age Undergoing laparoscopic general surgery under general anesthesia such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Being ASA Score I or II Being willing to participate in the study Exclusion criteria for the study Not undergoing laparoscopic surgical intervention Having neurological or psychological problems Transferred to the intensive care unit after surgery Emergency and unplanned cases Patients diagnosed with cancer will be excluded from the study
Data Collection Tools The patient identification form will be used to collect research data This form consists of 3 sections The first section will include sociodemographic characteristics consisting of 6 questions including gender age BMI education level smoking status and family history of obesity
The second section will include medical characteristics consisting of 7 questions including the presence of chronic disease ASA score duration of stay under general anesthesia type of surgery performed history of surgical complications and length of hospital stay
The third section will include 3 questions to evaluate pain and nausea-vomiting Visual analog scale will be used to evaluate pain and nausea The scale consists of a horizontal line 10 cm in length and the distance between the far left end of the scale and the point marked by the patient determines the score The score range from this scale is between 0-10 and higher scores indicate increased severity of the symptoms being evaluated This scale can be used to evaluate various symptoms such as pain anxiety fatigue nausea vomiting Vomiting will be evaluated as present or absent
Ethics of the Study Permission obtained from the Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ethics Committee and the management of Etlik City Hospital where the study will be conducted Patients will be informed about the research and their consent will be obtained
Data Evaluation IBM SPSS Statistics 230 software will be used for statistical analysis and calculations Frequency distribution number percentage will be provided for categorical variables and descriptive statistics mean standard deviation will be provided for numerical variables during data evaluation The normal distribution status of the data will be evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test In cases where the data does not follow a normal distribution the Mann Whitney-U test and Spearman correlation analysis will be used to determine differences between the two groups A significance level of p005 will be accepted
Data Collection For the experimental group after obtaining permission with the Informed Consent Form the day before surgery patients who agree to participate in the research will be provided with a Patient Introduction Form and will be given training on the 4-7-8 breathing technique Patients will be instructed to apply the 4-7-8 breathing technique as 1 set 4 breaths per hour after surgery Pain and nausea-vomiting status will be monitored at 0 2 6 12 and 24 hours during the 24-hour period of hospitalization
Holding the breath for a period helps renew the bodys oxygen The 4-7-8 breathing technique provides the oxygen support needed by organs and tissues and helps to expel CO2 In the 4-7-8 breathing technique a breath is taken for 4 seconds held for 7 seconds and exhaled in 8 seconds How to use the 4-7-8 breathing technique to reduce stress httpswwwmedicalnewstodaycomarticles324417 March 22 2024
For the control group after obtaining permission with the Informed Consent Form the day before surgery patients who agree to participate in the research will be provided with a Patient Introduction Form Pain and nausea-vomiting status will be monitored at 0 2 6 12 and 24 hours during the 24-hour period of hospitalization No intervention will be made for patients in the control group and they will receive routine nursing care provided at the hospital
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None