Ignite Creation Date:
2024-10-26 @ 3:42 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 3:42 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT06631846
Status:
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Last Update Posted:
None
First Post:
2024-10-04
Brief Title:
Music Therapy and Mindfulness Meditation
Sponsor:
None
Organization:
None
Study Overview
Official Title:
Efficacy of Music Therapy and Mindfulness Meditation on Hemodynamic Variables and Mental Health Among Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients
Status:
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Status Verified Date:
2024-10
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
No
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery CABG involves bypassing a blocked artery with a healthy blood vessel elsewhere from body allowing the blood flow to be restored to heart Most patients after CABG surgery have hemodynamic instability such as elevated blood pressure BP and low heart rate variability HRV High BP could be due pain stress and withdrawal of BP medications which patient used to take preoperatively BP progressively increases within 24 hours postoperatively and daytime systolic and diastolic BP may remain elevated for 14 weeks after CABG while lower HRV may take 6 months to recover after CABG In addition these patients suffer from anxiety and depression which is associated with poor mental health that can create significant challenges and barriers for patients in making and sustaining important behavioral and lifestyle modifications Non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy MT and mindfulness meditation MM have been successfully used to manage anxiety and depression among patients undergone various surgeries but there is scarcity in the current literature with regards to investigating the combined effect of MT and MM on anxiety and depression in CABG patients Furthermore the cumulative effect of these 2 interventions on hemodynamic variables is not well established Therefore this study aims to bridge these gaps and develop an interventional protocol that can improve the hemodynamic stability and mental health of CABG patients
Detailed Description:
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery CABG is an invasive procedure to treat coronary artery disease CAD The blocked section of the coronary artery is bypassed by using a healthy blood vessel or graft elsewhere from our body allowing the blood flow to be restored to heart After CABG surgery these patients encounter the problems of hemodynamic instability such as high blood pressure BP and low heart rate variability HRV
There are multiple reasons why BP increases including pain stress and withdrawal of BP medications which patient was receiving preoperatively Typically the BP progressively increases within 24 hours postoperatively and daytime systolic and diastolic BP may remain elevated for 14 weeks after CABG In addition nocturnal BP dipping returns to normal progressively but incompletely 14 weeks after CABG HRV is found to lower after the CABG surgery and it might take 6 months for the HRV to recover The percentage of HRV after 7 days of CABG surgery was found to be 518 196 after 3 months and 127 after 6 months
Patients in the post-operative phase also suffer from anxiety and depression due to fear of death pain confusion and sleeping disorders that can lead to poor functional mobility and quality of life If anxiety and depression is not addressed in these patients it could lead to major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events like myocardial infarction and stroke
Anxiety depression and stress have been shown to increase the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 IL-6 and elevation of C-reactive protein CRP Both IL-6 and CRP can affect vascular tone by promoting the production of endothelin-1 and impairing the production of nitric oxide a potent vasodilator which will lead to hemodynamic instability by causing vasoconstriction and reduced cardiac output The cytokines can activate the coagulation system by increasing the expression of tissue factor and reducing the production of anticoagulant factors such as thrombomodulin Furthermore stress can also lead to increased sympathetic nervous system activity which can further exacerbate the effects of IL-6 and CRP on hemodynamic instability Sympathetic activation can cause vasoconstriction and increase heart rate and contractility leading to increased myocardial oxygen demand and reduced coronary perfusion
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis and the sympathetic-adrenomedullary pathways SAP which activate the sympathetic nervous system are major stress response systems in the body that regulate the release of cortisol and stress hormones These hormones can impair fibrinolysis by reducing the production of plasminogen activators and increasing the production of plasminogen activator inhibitors leading to an increase in heart rate blood pressure and cardiac output These changes can contribute to hemodynamic instability after CABG surgery A study found that patients with post-traumatic stress disorder had higher levels of cortisol and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 compared to controls suggesting a link between stress and altered fibrinolysis A reviews based on various epidemiological studies and clinical trials investigated the association between stress and thrombosis and study concluded that acute and chronic stress can increase the risk of thrombosis including activation of the sympathetic nervous system increased platelet activation and alterations in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis which may further lead to an increased risk of hemodynamic instability after CABG surgery Dysregulation of the HPA axis and SAP have been implicated in the development and progression of coronary artery disease CAD In addition dysregulation of both these systems can contribute to a state of chronic stress in depressed individuals which can have negative effects on physical and mental health and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as worsen the symptoms of depression and anxiety
A study showed that 30 to 40 of post CABG surgery patients experience psychological disorder like depression and anxiety which increase the rate of morbidity even after years of discharge A meta-analysis found that nearly one-third of CABG patients were depressed before surgery and their symptoms significantly improved after the surgery However the study also indicated that approximately one-fifth of those who undergo CABG remain depressed or develop new depression A 2-year prospective follow-up study found that post-CABG patients suffered from chronic depression and had a significantly higher incidence of cardiac events and hospitalization rates compared to patients without depressive symptoms Therefore it is important to address these issues in patients after CABG surgery which would potentially influence the outcomes of the hemodynamic variables Non-pharmacological intervention like music therapy MT and mindfulness meditation MM have been successfully used to manage anxiety and depression among patients with different surgeries in post-operative phase
There have been many studies conducted to explore the potential benefits of MT in reducing stress and anxiety during surgery and decreasing the need for anaesthesia focused on patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery and effect of MT on open-hernia surgery Both these studies aimed to assess the stress levels and anaesthetic drug requirements of patients before and after MT intervention Authors provided valuable insights for developing effective intervention that can assist patients in managing stress and anxiety associated with surgery and potentially decrease their reliance on anaesthesia Furthermore compared to the control group individuals who listened to music for 30-minutes shows increased levels of oxytocin
A recent systematic review found that music not only affects the patients emotional and psychological well-being via the autonomic nervous system ANS but it can also have a potential impact on cardiovascular variables including HRV heart rate HR respiration rate RR and BP Research has established that HRV is a biomarker that reflects the activity of the ANS Therefore MT can be a promising intervention tool to regulate both HRV and ANS
MM originated from Buddhism and has been practiced for over 2550 years In early 1960s it was introduced to the Western psychology and healthcare sectors This non-pharmacological intervention has since evolved and been extensively reviewed with findings indicating that it has a significantly positive impact on psychological health Specifically it has been found to reduce symptoms of anxiety depression rumination psychological distress cognitive disorganization post-traumatic avoidance symptoms and medical symptoms It also increases the positive sense of spirituality empathy sense of cohesion and self-compassion and improve quality of life satisfaction of life in clinical and non-clinically patients with psychosocial and existential distress
According to Kabat-Zinn mindfulness-based stress reduction could significantly reduce BP in patients with coronary heart disease by an average of 8 mmHg after only 8-weeks of treatment Similarly a study found that 4-weeks of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy resulted in improved symptoms for patients with chronic heart failure The effects of an 8-week MM program on inflammatory markers were examined in healthy adults The study found that the MM group had lower levels of the inflammatory marker IL-6 compared to a control group This highlights the potential benefits of mindfulness-based intervention for improving health outcomes by reducing inflammatory markers
Another study investigated the effect of MM on immunological function in women diagnosed with breast cancer Researchers discovered significant improvements in womens immune function with lower levels of pro inflammatory cytokines and decreased production of IL-6 compared to the active control group Additionally notable enhancements in patients psychological well-being including reduced levels of anxiety depression and stress was noticed
A recent meta-analysis on MM reported significantly decrease cortisol levels in patients at risk of various health problems such as cardiovascular disease depression and anxiety Furthermore the use of MM intervention was found to have a beneficial impact on the HRV which is a primary time domain measure for vagal tone
In conclusion both MT and MM have been found to induce changes in the prefrontal cortex region of the brain Specifically these changes are observed in the limbic pathway which is highly responsive to human behaviour and emotional changes and plays an important role in the regulation of ANS Additionally both interventions positively influence the cardiac autonomic system and hemodynamic variables through the stimulation of the vagus nerve which has been shown to have direct advantages in managing cardiovascular health by reducing anxiety and depression
At present exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is the single recommended secondary prevention strategy for cardiac patients that aims to address anxiety and psychosocial wellbeing and there is a critical gap to address psychosocial needs of cardiac patients particularly in CABG patients Poor mental health and associated negative emotions can create significant challenges and barriers for patients in making and sustaining important behavioral and lifestyle modifications Although MT and MM individually are reported to be effective in managing the psychological problems such as anxiety and depression but there is scarcity in the current literature with regards to investigating the cumulative and combined effect of these 2 interventions Therefore this study aims to bridge this gap and develop an interventional protocol that can address and improve the mental health and overall quality of life of these patients
There are multiple reasons why BP increases including pain stress and withdrawal of BP medications which patient was receiving preoperatively Typically the BP progressively increases within 24 hours postoperatively and daytime systolic and diastolic BP may remain elevated for 14 weeks after CABG In addition nocturnal BP dipping returns to normal progressively but incompletely 14 weeks after CABG HRV is found to lower after the CABG surgery and it might take 6 months for the HRV to recover The percentage of HRV after 7 days of CABG surgery was found to be 518 196 after 3 months and 127 after 6 months
Patients in the post-operative phase also suffer from anxiety and depression due to fear of death pain confusion and sleeping disorders that can lead to poor functional mobility and quality of life If anxiety and depression is not addressed in these patients it could lead to major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events like myocardial infarction and stroke
Anxiety depression and stress have been shown to increase the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 IL-6 and elevation of C-reactive protein CRP Both IL-6 and CRP can affect vascular tone by promoting the production of endothelin-1 and impairing the production of nitric oxide a potent vasodilator which will lead to hemodynamic instability by causing vasoconstriction and reduced cardiac output The cytokines can activate the coagulation system by increasing the expression of tissue factor and reducing the production of anticoagulant factors such as thrombomodulin Furthermore stress can also lead to increased sympathetic nervous system activity which can further exacerbate the effects of IL-6 and CRP on hemodynamic instability Sympathetic activation can cause vasoconstriction and increase heart rate and contractility leading to increased myocardial oxygen demand and reduced coronary perfusion
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis and the sympathetic-adrenomedullary pathways SAP which activate the sympathetic nervous system are major stress response systems in the body that regulate the release of cortisol and stress hormones These hormones can impair fibrinolysis by reducing the production of plasminogen activators and increasing the production of plasminogen activator inhibitors leading to an increase in heart rate blood pressure and cardiac output These changes can contribute to hemodynamic instability after CABG surgery A study found that patients with post-traumatic stress disorder had higher levels of cortisol and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 compared to controls suggesting a link between stress and altered fibrinolysis A reviews based on various epidemiological studies and clinical trials investigated the association between stress and thrombosis and study concluded that acute and chronic stress can increase the risk of thrombosis including activation of the sympathetic nervous system increased platelet activation and alterations in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis which may further lead to an increased risk of hemodynamic instability after CABG surgery Dysregulation of the HPA axis and SAP have been implicated in the development and progression of coronary artery disease CAD In addition dysregulation of both these systems can contribute to a state of chronic stress in depressed individuals which can have negative effects on physical and mental health and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as worsen the symptoms of depression and anxiety
A study showed that 30 to 40 of post CABG surgery patients experience psychological disorder like depression and anxiety which increase the rate of morbidity even after years of discharge A meta-analysis found that nearly one-third of CABG patients were depressed before surgery and their symptoms significantly improved after the surgery However the study also indicated that approximately one-fifth of those who undergo CABG remain depressed or develop new depression A 2-year prospective follow-up study found that post-CABG patients suffered from chronic depression and had a significantly higher incidence of cardiac events and hospitalization rates compared to patients without depressive symptoms Therefore it is important to address these issues in patients after CABG surgery which would potentially influence the outcomes of the hemodynamic variables Non-pharmacological intervention like music therapy MT and mindfulness meditation MM have been successfully used to manage anxiety and depression among patients with different surgeries in post-operative phase
There have been many studies conducted to explore the potential benefits of MT in reducing stress and anxiety during surgery and decreasing the need for anaesthesia focused on patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery and effect of MT on open-hernia surgery Both these studies aimed to assess the stress levels and anaesthetic drug requirements of patients before and after MT intervention Authors provided valuable insights for developing effective intervention that can assist patients in managing stress and anxiety associated with surgery and potentially decrease their reliance on anaesthesia Furthermore compared to the control group individuals who listened to music for 30-minutes shows increased levels of oxytocin
A recent systematic review found that music not only affects the patients emotional and psychological well-being via the autonomic nervous system ANS but it can also have a potential impact on cardiovascular variables including HRV heart rate HR respiration rate RR and BP Research has established that HRV is a biomarker that reflects the activity of the ANS Therefore MT can be a promising intervention tool to regulate both HRV and ANS
MM originated from Buddhism and has been practiced for over 2550 years In early 1960s it was introduced to the Western psychology and healthcare sectors This non-pharmacological intervention has since evolved and been extensively reviewed with findings indicating that it has a significantly positive impact on psychological health Specifically it has been found to reduce symptoms of anxiety depression rumination psychological distress cognitive disorganization post-traumatic avoidance symptoms and medical symptoms It also increases the positive sense of spirituality empathy sense of cohesion and self-compassion and improve quality of life satisfaction of life in clinical and non-clinically patients with psychosocial and existential distress
According to Kabat-Zinn mindfulness-based stress reduction could significantly reduce BP in patients with coronary heart disease by an average of 8 mmHg after only 8-weeks of treatment Similarly a study found that 4-weeks of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy resulted in improved symptoms for patients with chronic heart failure The effects of an 8-week MM program on inflammatory markers were examined in healthy adults The study found that the MM group had lower levels of the inflammatory marker IL-6 compared to a control group This highlights the potential benefits of mindfulness-based intervention for improving health outcomes by reducing inflammatory markers
Another study investigated the effect of MM on immunological function in women diagnosed with breast cancer Researchers discovered significant improvements in womens immune function with lower levels of pro inflammatory cytokines and decreased production of IL-6 compared to the active control group Additionally notable enhancements in patients psychological well-being including reduced levels of anxiety depression and stress was noticed
A recent meta-analysis on MM reported significantly decrease cortisol levels in patients at risk of various health problems such as cardiovascular disease depression and anxiety Furthermore the use of MM intervention was found to have a beneficial impact on the HRV which is a primary time domain measure for vagal tone
In conclusion both MT and MM have been found to induce changes in the prefrontal cortex region of the brain Specifically these changes are observed in the limbic pathway which is highly responsive to human behaviour and emotional changes and plays an important role in the regulation of ANS Additionally both interventions positively influence the cardiac autonomic system and hemodynamic variables through the stimulation of the vagus nerve which has been shown to have direct advantages in managing cardiovascular health by reducing anxiety and depression
At present exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is the single recommended secondary prevention strategy for cardiac patients that aims to address anxiety and psychosocial wellbeing and there is a critical gap to address psychosocial needs of cardiac patients particularly in CABG patients Poor mental health and associated negative emotions can create significant challenges and barriers for patients in making and sustaining important behavioral and lifestyle modifications Although MT and MM individually are reported to be effective in managing the psychological problems such as anxiety and depression but there is scarcity in the current literature with regards to investigating the cumulative and combined effect of these 2 interventions Therefore this study aims to bridge this gap and develop an interventional protocol that can address and improve the mental health and overall quality of life of these patients
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
None
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None