Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-24 @ 3:25 PM
Ignite Modification Date:
2025-12-27 @ 5:40 AM
Study NCT ID:
NCT05129592
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2024-03-12
First Post:
2021-10-01
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
True
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Can Exposure to Brief Messages Correct Misperceptions?
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'cweiger2@jhmi.edu', 'phone': '3017128357', 'title': 'Caitlin Weiger', 'organization': 'Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': False, 'restrictiveAgreement': False}, 'limitationsAndCaveats': {'description': 'Smokers on MTurk are unlikely to be representative of US smokers. The nicotine misperception was measured on a continuous 0-100 scale and was able to detect smaller changes than the dichotomous relative harm perception outcome. Participants who reported believing nicotine causes cancer may accurately understand that nicotine indirectly causes disease because it keeps people exposed to carcinogens over time, resulting in misclassification.'}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': 'up to 3 months', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 42, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 42, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 42, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 53, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 53, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 53, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 56, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 56, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 56, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 42, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 42, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 42, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Accuracy of Belief That Nicotine Causes Cancer', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '56', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '52.6', 'spread': '31.9', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '54.0', 'spread': '35.3', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '39.2', 'spread': '34.1', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '36.1', 'spread': '35.4', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.095', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '15.71', 'ciLowerLimit': '-1.87', 'ciUpperLimit': '33.30', 'pValueComment': "Sidak's adjusted p-value contrasting marginal linear predictions for the Nicotine corrective control and Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence", 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '7.30', 'estimateComment': 'Comparing Nicotine corrective control to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Controlling for baseline nicotine misperception (df=4)'}, {'pValue': '0.022', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '18.67', 'ciLowerLimit': '2.02', 'ciUpperLimit': '35.33', 'pValueComment': "Sidak's adjustment for multiple comparisons", 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '7.30', 'estimateComment': 'Comparing Nicotine corrective control to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence', 'groupDescription': "Sidak's adjusted p-value contrasting marginal linear predictions for the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation and Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence", 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Controlling for baseline nicotine misperception (df=4)'}, {'pValue': '0.931', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '3.69', 'ciLowerLimit': '-12.76', 'ciUpperLimit': '20.15', 'pValueComment': "Sidak's adjustment for multiple comparisons", 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '7.30', 'estimateComment': 'Comparing Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence', 'groupDescription': "Sidak's adjusted p-value contrasting marginal linear predictions for the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception and Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence", 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Controlling for baseline nicotine misperception (df=4)'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'The extent to which participants agree or disagree with the following statement: The substance nicotine causes cancer. Response options are a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."', 'unitOfMeasure': 'units on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Relative Harm Beliefs Regarding E-cigarettes', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '56', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Low relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '34', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '43', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '38', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '31', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'High relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '6', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '16', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'Missing', 'measurements': [{'value': '2', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.402', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.54', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.56', 'ciUpperLimit': '4.24', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on e-cigarette relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.292', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.83', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.59', 'ciUpperLimit': '5.62', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing e-cigarettes are somewhat or much less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing e-cigarettes are somewhat or much less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on e-cigarette relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.571', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.77', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.30', 'ciUpperLimit': '1.93', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on e-cigarette relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.349', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.98', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.47', 'ciUpperLimit': '8.26', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '1.44', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on e-cigarette relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and e-cigarette use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.355', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.76', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.53', 'ciUpperLimit': '5.81', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '1.07', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on e-cigarette relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and e-cigarette use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.591', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.74', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.24', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.25', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.42', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on e-cigarette relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and e-cigarette use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': '"The next questions are about electronic cigarettes. You may also know them as e-cigarettes, vapes, vape pens, mods, or by brand names like Juul, Suorin, SMOK, Fin, NJOY, Blu, e-Go, or Vuse. Some look like cigarettes, and others look like small boxes, pens, or pipes. From now on, we will refer to these products as e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes heat up a liquid to aerosolize it so people can inhale it. Although some e-liquid does not contain nicotine, we are only interested in e-cigarettes that DO contain nicotine. Please answer the following questions about e-cigarettes that contain nicotine." Response options are, "Much less harmful," "Somewhat less harmful," "Not less or more harmful," "Somewhat more harmful," "Much more harmful." Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Relative Harm Beliefs Regarding NRT', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '41', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '52', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Low relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '39', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '47', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '50', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '40', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'High relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '2', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.980', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.98', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.13', 'ciUpperLimit': '7.27', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.99', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'nonInferiorityComment': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on NRT relative harm beliefs'}, {'pValue': '0.382', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.47', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.09', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.56', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.41', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on NRT relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.846', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio, log', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.83', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.13', 'ciUpperLimit': '5.23', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.79', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on NRT relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.990', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.01', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.13', 'ciUpperLimit': '7.74', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '1.05', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on NRT relative harm beliefs controlling for NRT use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.458', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.51', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.09', 'ciUpperLimit': '3.01', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.46', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on NRT relative harm beliefs controlling for NRT use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.754', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.74', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.12', 'ciUpperLimit': '4.76', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.70', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing NRT is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on NRT relative harm beliefs controlling for NRT use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'Participants will be shown a written description of NRT before answering questions about them: "The next questions are about nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). NRT is a medicine that is available as skin patches, chewing gum, nasal and oral sprays, inhalers, lozenges and tablets and delivers nicotine to the body. Nicotine replacement therapy is approved to help people quit smoking." Participants will also see a picture of these products with the description. Response options are, "Much less harmful," "Somewhat less harmful," "Not less or more harmful," "Somewhat more harmful," "Much more harmful." Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Relative Harm Beliefs Regarding Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '56', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Low relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '28', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '30', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '25', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '23', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'High relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '13', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '23', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '29', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'Missing', 'measurements': [{'value': '1', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.256', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio, log', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.69', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.68', 'ciUpperLimit': '4.15', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.78', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on VLNC relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.961', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.02', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.45', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.32', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.43', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on VLNC relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.345', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.67', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.30', 'ciUpperLimit': '1.53', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.28', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on VLNC relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.360', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.56', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.60', 'ciUpperLimit': '4.04', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.76', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on VLNC relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and VLNC use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.765', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.14', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.48', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.70', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.50', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on VLNC relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and VLNC use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.252', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.60', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.25', 'ciUpperLimit': '1.43', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.27', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing VLNC are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on VLNC relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and VLNC use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'Participants will be shown a written description of very low nicotine cigarettes before answering questions about them: "The next questions are about very low nicotine cigarettes. A very low nicotine cigarette is a tobacco cigarette that is still smoked but has the vast majority (95% or more) of the nicotine removed from it. The average regular cigarettes typically contains 12-13 mg of nicotine. A very low nicotine cigarette could have less than 1 mg of nicotine in it. Very low nicotine cigarettes do not contain enough nicotine to maintain a physiological addiction to nicotine. Quest and Moonlight are brands of very low nicotine cigarettes." Participants will also see a picture of these products with the description. Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Inferential Beliefs Regarding Smokeless Tobacco', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '56', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Low relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '32', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '22', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'High relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '22', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '31', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '15', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'Missing', 'measurements': [{'value': '3', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.077', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.45', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.18', 'ciUpperLimit': '1.09', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.20', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on smokeless tobacco relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.853', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.92', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.40', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.15', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.40', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on smokeless tobacco relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'otherAnalysisDescription': 'Odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence'}, {'pValue': '0.037', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio, log', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.41', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.18', 'ciUpperLimit': '0.95', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.18', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence/odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on smokeless tobacco relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.349', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.60', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.21', 'ciUpperLimit': '1.75', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.33', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on smokeless relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and smokeless tobacco use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.464', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.45', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.54', 'ciUpperLimit': '3.93', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.74', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on smokeless relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and smokeless tobacco use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.187', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.50', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.18', 'ciUpperLimit': '1.40', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.26', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing smokeless tobacco is less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on smokeless relative harm beliefs controlling for baseline beliefs and smokeless tobacco use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'Participants will be shown a written description of smokeless tobacco before answering questions about them: "The next questions are about smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco like chewing, oral, or spit tobacco come as loose leaves, plugs, or twists of dried tobacco that may be flavored. It\'s chewed or placed between the cheek and gum or teeth. The user spits out (or swallows) the saliva that has soaked through the tobacco. Dissolvables are another type of product that dissolves in the mouth and can be sold as lozenges, strips, or sticks. Nicotine is absorbed through the mouth tissues." Participants will also see a picture of these products with the description. Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Inferential Beliefs Regarding Cigarillos', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '56', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Low relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '6', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'High relative harm perception', 'measurements': [{'value': '33', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '44', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '49', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '35', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'title': 'Missing', 'measurements': [{'value': '3', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.925', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.06', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.31', 'ciUpperLimit': '3.62', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.66', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on cigarillo relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.525', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.66', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.19', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.35', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.43', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on cigarillo relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.586', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.71', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.21', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.40', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.44', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Unadjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on cigarillo relative harm beliefs', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.883', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.10', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.31', 'ciUpperLimit': '3.90', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.71', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the control condition/odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective control compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on cigarillo relative harm beliefs controlling for smokeless tobacco use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.534', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.66', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.18', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.41', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.44', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with causal explanation/odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with causal explanation compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on cigarillo relative harm beliefs controlling for smokeless tobacco use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.661', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '0.76', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.22', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.62', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '.48', 'estimateComment': 'Odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception/odds of believing cigarillos are less harmful than cigarettes in the condition with both component of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'Adjusted logistic regression showing the effect of condition (Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception compared to the Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence (reference group)) on cigarillo relative harm beliefs controlling for smokeless tobacco use', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'Participants will be shown a written description of smokeless tobacco before answering questions about them: "The next questions are about cigarillos. Cigarillos look like small versions of traditional cigars, but can be bought in packages of one or two. Cigarillos smoke is often inhaled, unlike cigar smoke which is often held in the mouth and then released. Cigarillos are often flavored. Swisher Sweets, White Owl, and Dutch Masters are common cigarillo brands.." Participants will also see a picture of these products with the description. Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Beliefs About Intention to Switch Products', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '56', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '60.6', 'spread': '30.3', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '53.5', 'spread': '36.4', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '56.4', 'spread': '34.3', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '57.9', 'spread': '34.4', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.965', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.97', 'ciLowerLimit': '-9.25', 'ciUpperLimit': '13.19', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '4.66', 'estimateComment': 'Nicotine corrective control - Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence', 'groupDescription': 'ANCOVA adjusted for baseline consideration of switching', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': "Sidak's adjusted p-value (df=4)"}, {'pValue': '0.979', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.57', 'ciLowerLimit': '-9.13', 'ciUpperLimit': '12.27', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '4.44', 'groupDescription': 'ANCOVA adjusted for baseline consideration of switching', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': "Sidak's adjusted p-value (df=4)", 'otherAnalysisDescription': 'Nicotine corrective with causal explanation - Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence'}, {'pValue': '0.73', 'groupIds': ['OG002', 'OG003'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '4.07', 'ciLowerLimit': '-6.46', 'ciUpperLimit': '14.59', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_ERROR_OF_MEAN', 'dispersionValue': '4.37', 'groupDescription': 'ANCOVA adjusted for baseline consideration of switching', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': "Sidak's adjusted p-value (df=4)", 'otherAnalysisDescription': 'Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception - Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'The extent to which participants agree or disagree with the following statement: I would consider completely switching to a tobacco product that is not lit on fire rather than continuing to smoke cigarettes. Response options are a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."', 'unitOfMeasure': 'units on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'FG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'FG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '42'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '53'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '56'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '42'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '42'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '53'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '56'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '42'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '0'}]}]}], 'recruitmentDetails': 'Online recruitment began November 22, 2021 using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Funds to compensate participants were exhausted on November 23, 2021. An administrative delay in transferring funding created a delay in further recruitment, which was restarted on January 25, 2022 and was completed January 27, 2022.'}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '42', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '56', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '193', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective Control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Causal Explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Reason for Misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'BG003', 'title': 'Nicotine Corrective With Both Components of Coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.\n\nCoherent corrective messages: Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, {'id': 'BG004', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Continuous', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '39.5', 'groupId': 'BG000', 'lowerLimit': '33', 'upperLimit': '48'}, {'value': '39', 'groupId': 'BG001', 'lowerLimit': '32', 'upperLimit': '55'}, {'value': '40', 'groupId': 'BG002', 'lowerLimit': '34.5', 'upperLimit': '50'}, {'value': '40.5', 'groupId': 'BG003', 'lowerLimit': '33', 'upperLimit': '51'}, {'value': '40', 'groupId': 'BG004', 'lowerLimit': '33', 'upperLimit': '50'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEDIAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'years', 'dispersionType': 'INTER_QUARTILE_RANGE'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '22', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '30', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '16', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '95', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': '15', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '31', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '98', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Race/Ethnicity, Customized', 'classes': [{'title': 'Non-Hispanic White', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '33', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '46', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '44', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '33', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '156', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}, {'title': 'Ethnic/racial minority', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '37', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'E-cigarette use', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Current use (past 30-day use)', 'measurements': [{'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '13', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '11', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '55', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Ever use (not past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '24', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '32', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '29', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '24', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '109', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Never use', 'measurements': [{'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '8', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '8', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '29', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Self-reported very low nicotine cigarette use', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Current use (past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '8', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Ever use (not past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '28', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Never use', 'measurements': [{'value': '34', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '45', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '45', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '33', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '157', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Smokeless tobacco use', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Current use (past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Ever use (not past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '13', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '25', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '75', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Never use', 'measurements': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '35', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '22', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '109', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Nicotine replacement therapy use', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Current use (past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '8', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '24', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Ever use (not past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '16', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '23', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '15', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '74', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Never use', 'measurements': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '29', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '21', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '95', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Cigarillo use', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Current use (past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '31', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Ever use (not past 30 days)', 'measurements': [{'value': '19', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '28', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '24', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '97', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Never use', 'measurements': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '21', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '65', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}]}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2021-08-04', 'size': 180081, 'label': 'Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'Prot_SAP_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot_SAP', 'uploadDate': '2023-07-27T11:56', 'hasProtocol': True}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['NA'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'SINGLE', 'whoMasked': ['PARTICIPANT']}, 'primaryPurpose': 'OTHER', 'interventionModel': 'FACTORIAL', 'interventionModelDescription': 'Participants will be randomized to view one of four messages. The message conditions are as follows: condition 1 will not contain either component of coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 193}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2021-11-22', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2024-03', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2022-08-01', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2024-03-08', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2021-10-01', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2022-08-18', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2021-11-09', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2024-03-12', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2024-03-08', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-11-22', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2024-03-12', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2022-01-30', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Change in Accuracy of Belief That Nicotine Causes Cancer', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'The extent to which participants agree or disagree with the following statement: The substance nicotine causes cancer. Response options are a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."'}, {'measure': 'Change in Relative Harm Beliefs Regarding E-cigarettes', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': '"The next questions are about electronic cigarettes. You may also know them as e-cigarettes, vapes, vape pens, mods, or by brand names like Juul, Suorin, SMOK, Fin, NJOY, Blu, e-Go, or Vuse. Some look like cigarettes, and others look like small boxes, pens, or pipes. From now on, we will refer to these products as e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes heat up a liquid to aerosolize it so people can inhale it. Although some e-liquid does not contain nicotine, we are only interested in e-cigarettes that DO contain nicotine. Please answer the following questions about e-cigarettes that contain nicotine." Response options are, "Much less harmful," "Somewhat less harmful," "Not less or more harmful," "Somewhat more harmful," "Much more harmful." Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).'}, {'measure': 'Change in Relative Harm Beliefs Regarding NRT', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'Participants will be shown a written description of NRT before answering questions about them: "The next questions are about nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). NRT is a medicine that is available as skin patches, chewing gum, nasal and oral sprays, inhalers, lozenges and tablets and delivers nicotine to the body. Nicotine replacement therapy is approved to help people quit smoking." Participants will also see a picture of these products with the description. Response options are, "Much less harmful," "Somewhat less harmful," "Not less or more harmful," "Somewhat more harmful," "Much more harmful." Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).'}, {'measure': 'Change in Relative Harm Beliefs Regarding Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'Participants will be shown a written description of very low nicotine cigarettes before answering questions about them: "The next questions are about very low nicotine cigarettes. A very low nicotine cigarette is a tobacco cigarette that is still smoked but has the vast majority (95% or more) of the nicotine removed from it. The average regular cigarettes typically contains 12-13 mg of nicotine. A very low nicotine cigarette could have less than 1 mg of nicotine in it. Very low nicotine cigarettes do not contain enough nicotine to maintain a physiological addiction to nicotine. Quest and Moonlight are brands of very low nicotine cigarettes." Participants will also see a picture of these products with the description. Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).'}, {'measure': 'Change in Inferential Beliefs Regarding Smokeless Tobacco', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'Participants will be shown a written description of smokeless tobacco before answering questions about them: "The next questions are about smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco like chewing, oral, or spit tobacco come as loose leaves, plugs, or twists of dried tobacco that may be flavored. It\'s chewed or placed between the cheek and gum or teeth. The user spits out (or swallows) the saliva that has soaked through the tobacco. Dissolvables are another type of product that dissolves in the mouth and can be sold as lozenges, strips, or sticks. Nicotine is absorbed through the mouth tissues." Participants will also see a picture of these products with the description. Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).'}, {'measure': 'Change in Inferential Beliefs Regarding Cigarillos', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'Participants will be shown a written description of smokeless tobacco before answering questions about them: "The next questions are about cigarillos. Cigarillos look like small versions of traditional cigars, but can be bought in packages of one or two. Cigarillos smoke is often inhaled, unlike cigar smoke which is often held in the mouth and then released. Cigarillos are often flavored. Swisher Sweets, White Owl, and Dutch Masters are common cigarillo brands.." Participants will also see a picture of these products with the description. Response options were dichotomized to low relative harm perceptions (much less harmful, somewhat less harmful) and high relative harm perceptions (much more harmful, somewhat more harmful, not less or more harmful).'}, {'measure': 'Change in Beliefs About Intention to Switch Products', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and up to 5 minutes after receiving the corrective message', 'description': 'The extent to which participants agree or disagree with the following statement: I would consider completely switching to a tobacco product that is not lit on fire rather than continuing to smoke cigarettes. Response options are a continuous scale from 0 "I do not agree at all" to 100, "I completely agree."'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDrug': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDevice': False}, 'conditionsModule': {'conditions': ['Beliefs']}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'This study seeks to assess the efficacy of educational messages to correct misperceptions. A large proportion of the American population incorrectly believes that nicotine is the chemical responsible for causing cancer in tobacco products.1-3 This misconception may reduce the likelihood that established smokers who are unwilling or unable to quit tobacco product use completely will switch to less harmful non-combustible products. An online experiment will be used to test if corrective messages can reduce this misperception. The experiment will also test the effects of messages on beliefs about the relative harms of other tobacco products discussed in the message and accuracy of inferential beliefs. This will be accomplished by asking participants questions about two tobacco products that are not explicitly discussed in the messages. The experiment will test if the two components of "narrative coherence," a concept identified in previous reviews of misperception correction as effective,4-6 is effective at reducing misperceptions about nicotine. Component 1 provides an explanation for why the new information is correct and component 2 provides an explanation for how the false information came to be believed. This study will use a factorial design to test the efficacy of the component of coherence individually as well as together. Hypotheses and Research Questions:\n\nRQ1: Will participants exposed to different corrective message conditions differ in increased accuracy of beliefs (a) that nicotine does not cause cancer, (b) regarding the relative risk of e-cigarettes compared to cigarettes, (c) regarding the relative risk of very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNC) compared to cigarettes and (d) regarding the relative risk of nicotine replacement therapy compared to cigarettes.\n\nH1: Participants exposed to the nicotine corrective message with both components of coherence will be significantly more likely to increase accuracy of beliefs regarding the relative harms of (a) smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes and (b) cigarillos relative to cigarettes compared to those exposed to messages with just one component or no components of coherence.\n\nH2: Participants exposed to the nicotine corrective message with both components of coherence will be significantly more likely to increase their intention to switch completely to a noncombustible product compared to those exposed to messages with just one component or no components of coherence.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT', 'OLDER_ADULT'], 'maximumAge': '99 Years', 'minimumAge': '21 Years', 'healthyVolunteers': False, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Are established smokers (have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoke some or all days)\n* Are 21 years of age or older (the legal age of tobacco purchase in the US)\n* Have not completed the cognitive interview during message pre-testing.\n* Rate their agreement with the following statement as at least 50 out of 100: "To what extent do you agree with the following statement: The substance nicotine causes cancer."\n* Are registered with MTurk in the United States.\n* Have completed \\>= 5,000 HIITs within the MTurk system\n* Have a HIIT approval rating of \\>= 97%\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Are not established smokers\n* Are younger than 21 years of age\n* Participated in cognitive interviews during message pre-testing\n* Are not registered with MTurk in the US\n* Have completed \\< 5,000 HIITS\n* Have a HIIT approval rating of \\<97%\n* Rate their agreement with the following statement as less than 50 out of 100: "To what extent do you agree with the following statement: The substance nicotine causes cancer."'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT05129592', 'briefTitle': 'Can Exposure to Brief Messages Correct Misperceptions?', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health'}, 'officialTitle': 'A Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of Brief Messages to Correct Misperceptions About Nicotine', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': '00015120A'}}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Nicotine corrective control', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that does not contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease or an explanation for why the misperception that nicotine causes cancer may have come to be believed.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Coherent corrective messages']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Nicotine corrective with causal explanation', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contain a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease: tar and chemicals created in tobacco smoke when tobacco is lit on fire.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Coherent corrective messages']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed: that health messaging often discuses nicotine and tobacco-caused disease at the same time and people incorrectly make the connection that nicotine causes cancer.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Coherent corrective messages']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence', 'description': 'A factual message about nicotine that contains both a causal explanation for what actually causes tobacco-caused disease and an explanation for why the misperception may have come to be believed.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Coherent corrective messages']}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Coherent corrective messages', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Participants will be randomized to one of four message conditions: condition 1 will not contain either component of the coherence; condition 2 will contain one element of coherence (a causal explanation for why the corrective information is accurate); condition 3 will contain the other element of coherence (an explanation for why the misinformation came to be believed); condition 4 will include both elements of coherence.', 'armGroupLabels': ['Nicotine corrective control', 'Nicotine corrective with both components of coherence', 'Nicotine corrective with causal explanation', 'Nicotine corrective with reason for misperception']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '21205', 'city': 'Baltimore', 'state': 'Maryland', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': 'Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 39.29038, 'lon': -76.61219}}], 'overallOfficials': [{'name': 'Meghan B Moran, PhD', 'role': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'affiliation': 'Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health'}]}, 'ipdSharingStatementModule': {'infoTypes': ['STUDY_PROTOCOL', 'SAP', 'ICF'], 'timeFrame': '3 months following publication of the final article from this study', 'ipdSharing': 'YES', 'description': 'Upon request, deidentified participant data collected during the study may be shared. Upon request, the PI may also share the study protocol, survey, and informed consent form. Data will be made available upon request beginning 3 months following publication of the final article from this study, with no end date. Data will be made available for analyses deemed appropriate by the study PI. Proposals should be directed to mmoran22@jhu.edu. Data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.'}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'SPONSOR'}}}}