Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-24 @ 9:09 PM
Ignite Modification Date:
2026-01-01 @ 11:51 AM
Study NCT ID:
NCT01925404
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2018-06-19
First Post:
2013-08-15
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
True
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Promoting Physical Activity In High Poverty Neighborhoods
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'conditionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D009043', 'term': 'Motor Activity'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D001519', 'term': 'Behavior'}]}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'dcohen@rand.org', 'phone': '310 3930411', 'title': 'Deborah Cohen', 'organization': 'RAND'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': False, 'restrictiveAgreement': False}, 'limitationsAndCaveats': {'description': 'Park observations were snapshot direct observations of aggregated activities. Resident surveys were based on self-reports, subject to reporting biases. The resident sample was a repeated-cross sectional sample rather than a longitudinal cohort.'}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': 'Two years', 'description': 'Adverse events occurred if there was any injury associated with our intervention.', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Frequent User Arm', 'description': 'Park users will be able to earn rewards or prizes by coming more frequently to the park\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently', 'otherNumAtRisk': 12, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 12, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Free Physical Activity Classes/Programs', 'description': 'We will offer at least 100 free physical activity classes at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided', 'otherNumAtRisk': 12, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 12, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG002', 'title': 'Combined Arm', 'description': 'We will offer free classes and the frequent user program at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently', 'otherNumAtRisk': 12, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 12, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG003', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Business as usual, no special physical activity programs offered', 'otherNumAtRisk': 12, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 12, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Percentage Change in Park-based Physical Activity', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'units': 'Parks', 'counts': [{'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Frequent User Arm', 'description': 'Park users will be able to earn rewards or prizes by coming more frequently to the park\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Free Physical Activity Classes/Programs', 'description': 'We will offer at least 100 free physical activity classes at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Combined Arm', 'description': 'We will offer free classes and the frequent user program at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Business as usual, no special physical activity programs offered'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '11.2', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '-6.2', 'upperLimit': '28.6'}, {'value': '6.1', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '-7.2', 'upperLimit': '19.4'}, {'value': '5.6', 'groupId': 'OG002', 'lowerLimit': '-9.9', 'upperLimit': '21.1'}, {'value': '8.4', 'groupId': 'OG003', 'lowerLimit': '-4.9', 'upperLimit': '21.7'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '.0063', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001', 'OG002', 'OG003'], 'pValueComment': 'Significance threshold. p=0.05', 'groupDescription': 'Comparison of change from baseline;', 'statisticalMethod': 'negative binomial distribution', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'nonInferiorityComment': 'We fitted difference-in-differences (DID) models between the two measurement waves and four study arms. The effect of the intervention was modeled as the wave by study arm interaction. All models used random effects to account for intra-class correlation within each park as well as fixed effects to account for observation times (time of day, weekend versus weekdays).'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'difference between baseline and follow-up (1 year)', 'description': 'Physical activity was measured in MET-hours (Metabolic equivalents)', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Percent change in MET-hours', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'typeUnitsAnalyzed': 'Parks', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Parks', 'populationDescription': 'The unit of analysis was at the level of the park.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Park Use (% Change)', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}, {'units': 'parks', 'counts': [{'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Frequent User Arm', 'description': 'Park users will be able to earn rewards or prizes by coming more frequently to the park\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Free Physical Activity Classes/Programs', 'description': 'We will offer at least 100 free physical activity classes at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Combined Arm', 'description': 'We will offer free classes and the frequent user program at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Business as usual, no special physical activity programs offered'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '-9.4', 'upperLimit': '29.4'}, {'value': '4.0', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '-10.3', 'upperLimit': '18.3'}, {'value': '6.6', 'groupId': 'OG002', 'lowerLimit': '-11.6', 'upperLimit': '24.8'}, {'value': '9.7', 'groupId': 'OG003', 'lowerLimit': '-2.7', 'upperLimit': '22.0'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'baseline versus 1 year', 'description': 'We will count the number of parks users and compare differences between the number counted at baseline to the number counted at follow-up', 'unitOfMeasure': 'percentage change in park users', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'typeUnitsAnalyzed': 'parks', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'parks', 'populationDescription': 'Participants were not assigned to study arms'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Frequent User Arm', 'description': 'Park users will be able to earn rewards or prizes by coming more frequently to the park\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Free Physical Activity Classes/Programs', 'description': 'We will offer at least 100 free physical activity classes at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided'}, {'id': 'FG002', 'title': 'Combined Arm', 'description': 'We will offer free classes and the frequent user program at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently'}, {'id': 'FG003', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Business as usual, no special physical activity programs offered'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'comment': 'The numbers reported are the number of parks assigned to the study arm', 'achievements': [{'comment': 'The primary outcome of this study is at the level of a park.\n\nThe park is the unit of analysis. We did not recruit participants, but had measure of park use by counting observed users', 'groupId': 'FG000', 'numUnits': '12', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'comment': 'The park is the unit of analysis. We did not recruit participants, but had measure of park use by counting observed users', 'groupId': 'FG001', 'numUnits': '12', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'comment': 'The park is the unit of analysis. We did not recruit participants, but had measure of park use by counting observed users', 'groupId': 'FG002', 'numUnits': '12', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'comment': 'The park is the unit of analysis. We did not recruit participants, but had measure of park use by counting observed users', 'groupId': 'FG003', 'numUnits': '12', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'comment': 'We did not recruit participants or follow the same park users over time. The follow up numbers of users are greater than at baseline, and this generates an error message.', 'groupId': 'FG000', 'numUnits': '12', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'comment': 'We did not recruit participants or follow the same park users over time. The follow up numbers of users are greater than at baseline, and this generates an error message.', 'groupId': 'FG001', 'numUnits': '12', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'comment': 'We did not recruit participants or follow the same park users over time. The follow up numbers of users are greater than at baseline, and this generates an error message.', 'groupId': 'FG002', 'numUnits': '12', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'comment': 'We did not recruit participants or follow the same park users over time. The follow up numbers of users are greater than at baseline, and this generates an error message.', 'groupId': 'FG003', 'numUnits': '12', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numUnits': '0', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numUnits': '0', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numUnits': '0', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numUnits': '0', 'numSubjects': 'NA'}]}]}], 'typeUnitsAnalyzed': 'Parks', 'recruitmentDetails': 'Parks are the unit of analysis; Parks were randomly assigned to the study arms'}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': 'NA', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'units': 'parks', 'counts': [{'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '48', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Frequent User Arm', 'description': 'Park users will be able to earn rewards or prizes by coming more frequently to the park\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Free Physical Activity Classes/Programs', 'description': 'We will offer at least 100 free physical activity classes at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Combined Arm', 'description': 'We will offer free classes and the frequent user program at the park\n\nFree physical activity classes: 100 hours of free activity classes will be provided\n\nFrequent User: Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently'}, {'id': 'BG003', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Business as usual, no special physical activity programs offered'}, {'id': 'BG004', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Categorical', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': '<=18 years', 'measurements': [{'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Total not calculated because data are not available (NA) in one or more arms.', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Between 18 and 65 years', 'measurements': [{'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Total not calculated because data are not available (NA) in one or more arms.', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': '>=65 years', 'measurements': [{'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Age is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Total not calculated because data are not available (NA) in one or more arms.', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_UNITS', 'description': 'Age data are not relevant to parks', 'unitOfMeasure': 'parks', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'parks'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Gender is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Gender is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Gender is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Gender is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Total not calculated because data are not available (NA) in one or more arms.', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Gender is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Gender is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Gender is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Gender is not relevant to parks', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': 'NA', 'comment': 'Total not calculated because data are not available (NA) in one or more arms.', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_UNITS', 'description': 'Gender data are not relevant to parks', 'unitOfMeasure': 'parks', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'parks'}, {'title': 'park size,', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '6.1', 'groupId': 'BG000', 'lowerLimit': '2.6', 'upperLimit': '10.6'}, {'value': '9.0', 'groupId': 'BG001', 'lowerLimit': '1.9', 'upperLimit': '19.2'}, {'value': '8.0', 'groupId': 'BG002', 'lowerLimit': '1.9', 'upperLimit': '25.8'}, {'value': '10.3', 'groupId': 'BG003', 'lowerLimit': '1.5', 'upperLimit': '25.0'}, {'value': '8.4', 'groupId': 'BG004', 'lowerLimit': '1.5', 'upperLimit': '25.8'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'acres', 'dispersionType': 'FULL_RANGE', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'parks'}, {'title': 'population density', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '659102', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '583346', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '603596', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '664846', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '2510890', 'groupId': 'BG004'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'NUMBER', 'unitOfMeasure': 'people', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'parks'}], 'typeUnitsAnalyzed': 'parks', 'populationDescription': 'Participants were not assigned to study arms'}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2013-10-10', 'size': 3722693, 'label': 'Study Protocol', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': False, 'filename': 'Prot_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot', 'uploadDate': '2017-09-26T18:36', 'hasProtocol': True}, {'date': '2017-09-26', 'size': 198139, 'label': 'Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'SAP_001.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'SAP', 'uploadDate': '2018-01-24T14:21', 'hasProtocol': False}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['NA'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'NONE'}, 'primaryPurpose': 'PREVENTION', 'interventionModel': 'FACTORIAL'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 48}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2013-06', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2018-05', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2017-07', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2018-05-16', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2013-08-15', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2017-12-15', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2013-08-16', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2018-06-19', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2018-05-16', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2013-08-19', 'type': 'ESTIMATED'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2018-06-19', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2015-10', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Percentage Change in Park-based Physical Activity', 'timeFrame': 'difference between baseline and follow-up (1 year)', 'description': 'Physical activity was measured in MET-hours (Metabolic equivalents)'}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Park Use (% Change)', 'timeFrame': 'baseline versus 1 year', 'description': 'We will count the number of parks users and compare differences between the number counted at baseline to the number counted at follow-up'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': True}, 'conditionsModule': {'keywords': ['Physical activity', 'parks', 'programming', 'public health'], 'conditions': ['Physical Activity']}, 'referencesModule': {'references': [{'pmid': '31518627', 'type': 'DERIVED', 'citation': 'Derose KP, Han B, Park S, Williamson S, Cohen DA. The mediating role of perceived crime in gender and built environment associations with park use and park-based physical activity among park users in high poverty neighborhoods. Prev Med. 2019 Dec;129:105846. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105846. Epub 2019 Sep 10.'}, {'pmid': '30160585', 'type': 'DERIVED', 'citation': 'Cohen DA, Han B, Park S, Williamson S, Derose KP. Park Use and Park-Based Physical Activity in Low-Income Neighborhoods. J Aging Phys Act. 2019 Jun 1;27(3):334-342. doi: 10.1123/japa.2018-0032. Epub 2018 Nov 21.'}, {'pmid': '29338953', 'type': 'DERIVED', 'citation': 'Han B, Cohen DA, Derose KP, Li J, Williamson S. Violent Crime and Park Use in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods. Am J Prev Med. 2018 Mar;54(3):352-358. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.10.025. Epub 2018 Jan 12.'}, {'pmid': '29241943', 'type': 'DERIVED', 'citation': 'Derose KP, Han B, Williamson S, Cohen DA. Gender Disparities in Park Use and Physical Activity among Residents of High-Poverty Neighborhoods in Los Angeles. Womens Health Issues. 2018 Jan-Feb;28(1):6-13. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Dec 11.'}]}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'Encouraging greater levels of physical activity is critical to improving health among Americans, who are largely sedentary. Neighborhood parks are resources for physical activity that are available to most Americans within a couple miles of their homes, yet many residents are unaware of the programs and facilities available. Previous research indicates that park use is related to park programming and outreach. Because funding for parks is limited, low-cost interventions are needed to attract more people to parks to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. While many community-based organizations would like to invest in efforts that increase physical activity, few low-cost park programs are documented to be both scalable and cost-effective. Effective programs that can be replicated to make population-level impacts are needed. The goal of this study is to develop and test 2 low-cost community-level approaches, free exercise classes vs. a frequent user program, to promoting physical activity, singly and in combination, in 48 park settings in Los Angeles low-income neighborhoods.', 'detailedDescription': 'While routine physical activity is critical to optimal health, our preliminary studies have indicated that residents of low-income communities in Los Angeles are less likely to exercise than those in high-income communities, and they are less likely to use their neighborhood parks, even when the parks are within walking distance. Parks in low-income neighborhoods tend to be smaller and serve a greater population density, but even after accounting for the size and the population served, they are still used less than parks in wealthier neighborhoods. In our preliminary studies we found that parks in low-income neighborhoods also had fewer part-time staff and offered fewer programs and organized activities than parks in higher-income areas, and these factors partly accounted for their lower use. As well, parks in low-income neighborhoods are often perceived as less safe, a characteristic associated with lower use 4. Simultaneously, the lack of use and dearth of programming may contribute to a perception of lack of safety, creating a vicious cycle. Nonetheless, we have documented that when parks in low-income neighborhoods offer events and activities, they can be just as busy as parks in higher-income areas. We hypothesize that limited park use in low-income areas can be attributed to the lack of organized and reliable infrastructure of activities that meet the needs of local residents and that offering more activities and programs in parks will increase park use and park-based physical activity.\n\nAccording to the Task Force on Community Level Preventive Services, community-level campaigns are both effective and scalable.6 For the past eight years, we have conducted research in public neighborhood parks and found that these venues offer great potential for increasing physical activity for populations. Based upon this work, as well as our previous work on the cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions, we propose to test community-level campaigns targeting low-income populations that will be relatively low-cost and easy to replicate.\n\nThe proposed study has three specific aims:\n\n1. Using a full factorial design, compare whether park use and population physical activity in low-income neighborhoods increase with the availability of a) more organized physical activity classes, including zumba, line dancing, and aerobics indoors and outdoors, and/or b) a loyalty program approach that rewards frequent park users.\n2. Determine whether either of these two approaches changes the perception of park safety and neighborhood safety.\n3. Identify the cost effectiveness of both approaches in terms of dollars spent to generate increased physical activity in parks as measured through systematic observation.\n\nMost Los Angeles parks have full-time staff, but their role has become increasingly administrative. Park staff may not have the time or the skills to lead physical activity programs and activities nor conduct effective outreach to the community to promote these activities. Although there is a small literature on "best practices" for parks, there is no underlying foundation of rigorous scientific research, and there has been no identification of which park practices, designs, or activities lead to the most physical activity in a community. Standard practice is currently based primarily on anecdotes, demands of special interest groups, and the experience of professionals. The science of objectively measuring physical activity in parks is new, developed only in the past decade. Because neighborhood parks are settings designed for moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and are accessible to 70% of the US population, identifying which programs help populations achieve physical activity goals at a reasonable cost would be highly useful, particularly for groups disproportionately affected with chronic diseases that could be reduced with physical activity. Parks are community resources typically funded by dedicated revenue streams and fee-based programs, yet park systems frequently lack the tools and resources to either market programs or measure their reach or effectiveness. Our study will document all the steps required for implementing and maintaining two physical activity promotion interventions--one a standard approach offering traditional organized physical activity programs, the other an innovative application of popular customer loyalty programs. We will determine their impact on physical activity and their cost-effectiveness.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT', 'OLDER_ADULT'], 'minimumAge': '18 Years', 'healthyVolunteers': False, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria: Parks are in low-income neighborhoods; individuals visit parks and/or live within 1 mile radius of the park; -\n\nExclusion Criteria: Parks are not in low income neighborhoods; individuals do not visit the park and do not live within a 1 mile radius\n\n\\-'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT01925404', 'briefTitle': 'Promoting Physical Activity In High Poverty Neighborhoods', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'RAND'}, 'officialTitle': 'Promoting Physical Activity In High Poverty Neighborhoods', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': '2011-0692-AM02'}, 'secondaryIdInfos': [{'id': 'R01HL114283', 'link': 'https://reporter.nih.gov/quickSearch/R01HL114283', 'type': 'NIH'}]}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Frequent User Arm', 'description': 'Park users will be able to earn rewards or prizes by coming more frequently to the park', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Frequent User']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Free Physical Activity Classes/programs', 'description': 'We will offer at least 100 free physical activity classes at the park', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Free physical activity classes']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Combined arm', 'description': 'We will offer free classes and the frequent user program at the park', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Free physical activity classes', 'Behavioral: Frequent User']}, {'type': 'NO_INTERVENTION', 'label': 'Control', 'description': 'Business as usual, no special physical activity programs offered'}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Free physical activity classes', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': '100 hours of free activity classes will be provided', 'armGroupLabels': ['Combined arm', 'Free Physical Activity Classes/programs']}, {'name': 'Frequent User', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Participants can become eligible for prizes by visiting the park more frequently', 'armGroupLabels': ['Combined arm', 'Frequent User Arm']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '90407', 'city': 'Santa Monica', 'state': 'California', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': 'RAND', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 34.01949, 'lon': -118.49138}}], 'overallOfficials': [{'name': 'Deborah A Cohen, MD, MPH', 'role': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'affiliation': 'RAND'}]}, 'ipdSharingStatementModule': {'ipdSharing': 'YES', 'description': 'May be available upon request as appropriate. We have response data from park users and residents living within one mile of enrolled parks. Interested researchers should contact the PI'}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'RAND', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'collaborators': [{'name': 'City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks', 'class': 'UNKNOWN'}, {'name': 'AltaMed Health Services Corporation', 'class': 'OTHER'}, {'name': 'National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)', 'class': 'NIH'}], 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'SPONSOR'}}}}